(andro-) combining form denoting men or the male sex. Example: androphobia (morbid fear of).
Unconjugated testosterone is rarely used clinically because its derivatives have a more powerful and prolonged e?ect, and because testosterone itself requires implantation into the subcutaneous fat using a trocar and cannula for maximum therapeutic bene?t. Testosterone propionate is prepared in an oily solution, as it is insoluble in water; it is e?ective for three days and is therefore administered intramuscularly twice weekly. Testosterone phenyl-propionate is a long-acting microcrystalline preparation which, when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, is e?ective for four weeks. Testosterone enantate is another long-acting intramuscular preparation. Mesterolone is an e?ective oral androgen and is less hepatoxic: it does not inhibit pituitary gonadotrophic production and hence spermatogenesis is unimpaired. Testosterone undecanoate is also an e?ective oral form.... androgen
Andria, Andrianna, Andreia, Andreina, Andreya, Andriana, Andreana, Andera, Andraia, Andreja, Andrya, Andris, Andrette, Aindrea, Anda, Andee, Andena, Andere, Andra, Andralyn, Andi, Andie, Andranetta, Andraya, Andreanna, Andree, Andras, Andrena, Andrienne, Andrianne, Andrina, Andren, Andrya, Anndrea, Anndria, Aundrea... andrea
Habitat: Warmer parts of India. Folk: Ranchimani (Maharashtra).
Action: Febrifuge, diuretic.
The plant contains a flavone, echio- dinin, and its glucoside, echioidin. EtOH (50%) extract of the plant exhibited diuretic activity in animal studies.... andrographis echioidesHabitat: Throughout India, from Himachal Pradesh to Assam and Mizoram, and all over southern India.
English: Creat.Ayurvedic: Kaalmegha, Bhuunimba, Bhuuminimbaka, Vishwambharaa, Yavtikta, Kalpanaatha, Kiraata-tikta (var.).Unani: Kiryaat.Siddha/Tamil: Nilavembu.Action: Hepatoprotective, cholin- ergic, antispasmodic, stomachic, anthelmintic, alterative, blood purifier, febrifuge. It acts well on the liver, promoting secretion of bile. Used in jaundice and torpid liver, flatulence and diarrhoea of children, colic, strangulation of intestines and splenomegaly; also for cold and upper respiratory tract infections.
Key application: As bitter tonic, febrifuge and hepatoprotective. (Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia.)Kaalmegha, officinal in IP, consists of dried leaves and tender shoots, which yield not less than 1% andro- grapholide on dry-weight basis.Several active constituents have been identified from the leaf and rhizome, including andrographolide, deoxyan- drographolide and other diterpenes.Andrographolide exhibited strong choleretic action when administered i.p. to rats. It induces increase in bile flow together with change in physical properties of bile secretion. It was found to be more potent than sily- marin.Andrographolide was found to be almost devoid of antihepatitis-B virus surface antigen-like activity (when compared with picroliv.)The leaf and stem extracts of Kaal- megha/andrographolide given s.c. or orally did not change blood sugar level of normal or diabetic rats.Alcoholic extract of the plant exhibited antidiarrhoeal activity against E. coli enterotoxins in animal models.Clinical evidence of effectiveness of andrographis in humans is limited to the common cold. Preliminary evidence suggests that it might increase antibody activity and phagocytosis by macrophages, and might have mast cell-stabilizing and antiallergy activity. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)The herb is contraindicated inbleed- ing disorders, hypotension, as well as male and female sterility (exhibited infertility in laboratory animals).Dosage: Whole plant—5-10 ml juice; 50-100 ml decotion; 1-3 g powder. (CCRAS.)... andrographis panicultataAction. Inhibits growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic.
Uses: Urinary tract infections, boils and internal ulceration. Enteritis, shigella, colitis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia.
Courtesy. Chris Low, Member of the Register of Traditional Chinese Medicine (RTCM), scientific advisor to the Herbal Pharmaceutical Industry; The Chinese Medicine Clinic, Cambridge. ... andrographis
Habitat: All over India.
English: Vetiver, Cuscus.Ayurvedic: Ushira.Unani: Khas.Siddha: Vettiveru.Action: Roots—refrigerant, febrifuge, diaphoretic, stimulant, stomachic and emmenagogue; used in strangury, colic, flatulence, obstinate vomiting; paste used as a cooling application in fevers.
Major constituents of the essential oil are vetiselinenol and khusimol. Several sesquiterpenoids, including vetid- iol, are also present. The two types of oils, laevorotatory and dextrorotatory, from northern India and southern India, respectively, are biochemically different.Andropogon sp.: see Cymbopogon sp.... andropogon muricatusHabitat: Sikkim, Khasi Hills and Western Ghats, and also grown in South India.
English: Star Goose Berry.Siddha/Tamil: Thavasai Murungai.Action: Plant—known as Multivitamin Green for its substantial vitamin content. Decoction is given in stricture of the bladder and in fevers; used as a diuretic.
The leaves contain protein 6.8; carbohydrates 11.6; mineral matter 3.4, Ca 0.57, phosphorus 0.20, iron 28.0 mg, carotene (as vitamin A), 9,510 IU, thiamine 0.48, riboflavin 0.32, nicotinic acid 2.6, and vitamin C 247 mg/100 g.... sauropus androgynusAndrogen drugs are occasionally used to treat certain types of breast cancer. They have been widely used by sportsmen wishing to increase muscle bulk and strength, a practice that is dangerous to health (see steroids, anabolic).
Adverse effects include fluid retention, weight gain, increased blood cholesterol, and, rarely, liver damage. When taken by women, the drugs can cause male characteristics, such as facial hair, to develop.
androgen hormones A group of hormones that stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.
Androgens are produced by specialized cells in the testes in males and in the adrenal glands in both sexes. The ovaries secrete very small quantities of androgens until the menopause. The most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced in the testes. The production of androgens by the testes is controlled by certain pituitary hormones, called gonadotrophins. Adrenal androgens are controlled by ACTH, another pituitary hormone.
Androgens stimulate male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, such as the growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice. They have an anabolic effect (they raise the rate of protein synthesis and lower the rate at which it is broken down). This increases muscle bulk and accelerates growth. At the end of puberty, androgens cause the long bones to stop growing. They stimulate sebum secretion, which, if excessive, causes acne. In early adult life, androgens promote male-pattern baldness.
Androgen deficiency may occur if the testes are diseased or if the pituitary gland fails to secrete gonadotrophins. Typical effects include decreased body and facial hair, a high-pitched voice, underdevelopment of the genitalia, and poor muscle development.
Overproduction of androgens may be the result of adrenal disorders (see adrenal tumours; adrenal hyperplasia, congenital), of testicular tumours (see testis, cancer of), or, rarely, of androgensecreting ovarian tumours (see ovary, cancer of).
In men, excess androgens accentuate male characteristics; in boys, they cause premature sexual development.
In women, excess androgens cause virilization, the development of masculine features such as an increase in body hair, deepening of the voice, clitoral enlargement, and amenorrhoea.... androgen drugs
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