Angi: From 1 Different Sources
(angio-) combining form denoting blood or lymph vessels. Examples: angiectasis (abnormal dilation of); angiopathy (disease of); angiotomy (cutting of).
A feeling of constriction or su?ocation often accompanied by pain (see ANGINA PECTORIS).... angina
A painful chronic heart condition, characterized by an oppressive sensation, difficulty breathing, and pain in the chest or arms. Attacks are often triggered by exertion or a sudden adrenergic discharge, and the underlying cause is insufficient blood supply to the heart muscles... angina pectoris
A substance formed in tissues or blood vessels when there needs to be local or even massive vasoconstriction. The primary precursor is renin, made by the kidneys, and elevated when the blood seems dehydrated or low in volume; the next substance needed for this reaction is a liver protein, angiotensinogen; when both are present in the blood, local factors can then form this pressor substance. Excess production is often implicated in high blood pressure.... angiotensin
Also called angioneurotic oedema; see under URTICARIA.... angio-oedema
Radiography of blood vessels made visible by injecting into them a radio-opaque substance. In the case of arteries this is known as arteriography; the corresponding term for veins being venography or phlebography. This procedure demonstrates whether there is any narrowing or ballooning of the lumen of the vessel, changes usually caused by disease or injury.... angiography
A TUMOUR composed of blood vessels. (See NAEVUS.)... angioma
A method of treating blockage or narrowing of a blood vessel by recanalising the vessel – that is, inserting a balloon into the constriction to reopen it. The technique is used to treat a narrowed artery in the heart or a limb. About 65 per cent of patients treated bene?t, but when symptoms persist or recur the procedure may be repeated. There is a small risk of damage to the vessel or valve. New procedures under development include the use of lasers, cutting drills and suction to remove the deposits of ATHEROMA blocking the arteries.... angioplasty
A technique of dilating atheromatous obstructions (see ATHEROMA) in CORONARY ARTERIES by inserting a catheter with a balloon on the end into the affected artery (see also CATHETERS). It is passed through the blockage (guided by X-ray FLUOROSCOPY) and in?ated. The procedure can be carried out through a percutaneous route.... coronary angioplasty
A treatment for a stenosed (restricted) coronary artery (see ARTERIES). A balloon-tipped catheter (see CATHETERS) is passed through an incision in the skin of the chest into the artery of the HEART that has developed stenosis (narrowing). The balloon is aligned with the stenosed section and then in?ated to dilate the coronary artery and allow the blood to ?ow more freely.... percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
The growth of new blood vessels. Angiogenesis is the process that enables tumours to grow; cancerous cells produce chemicals (called growth factors) that stimulate new blood vessels to form near the tumour, supplying it with nutrients.... angiogenesis
Like the previous, but less dangerous and more frequently caused by purely neurologic stimulus. The pain is more spasmodic and there is usually little actual blood vessel blockage.... angina, vasomotoria
Radiography of the heart after injection into it of a radio-opaque substance.... angiocardiography
The ENZYME that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II (see ANGIOTENSIN) is called angiotensin-converting enzyme. Angiotensin II controls the blood pressure and is the most potent endogenous pressor substance produced in the body; angiotensin I has no such pressor activity. Inhibition of the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II will thus have marked effects on lowering the blood pressure, and ACE inhibitors have a valuable role in treating heart failure when thiazides and beta blockers cannot be used or fail to work, especially after myocardial infarction (see HEART, DISEASES OF). Captopril was the ?rst ACE inhibitor to be synthesised: it reduces peripheral resistance by causing arteriolar dilatation and thus lowers blood pressure. Other drugs such as enalapril, lisinopril, cilazapril, quinapril and ramipril have since been developed. Some kidney disorders increase the production of angiotensin II and so cause HYPERTENSION.... angiotensin-convertingenzyme (ace) inhibitors
Angitis (or angiitis) means in?ammation of a vessel such as a blood vessel, lymph vessel, or bile duct.... angitis
An uncommon bacterial infection affecting the ?oor of the mouth. It can spread to the throat and become life-threatening. Usually caused by infected gums or teeth, it causes pain, fever and swelling, resulting in di?culty in opening the mouth or swallowing. Urgent treatment with ANTIBIOTICS is called for, otherwise the patient may need a TRACHEOSTOMY to relieve breathing problems.... ludwig’s angina
An ulcerative in?ammation of the throat, often foul-smelling, and caused by large, spindle-shaped bacilli (fusobacterium) and spirilla.... vincent’s angina
A substance that converts angiotensin I to its active form, angiotensin. Drugs that reduce the action of this enzyme are known as ACE inhibitor drugs and are used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.... angiotensin converting enzyme
A group of drugs used in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure). They have a similar action to ACE inhibitors but do not cause a dry cough. Examples are losartan and valsartan.... angiotensin ii antagonists
See angiography.... digital subtraction angiography
See variant angina.... prinzmetal’s angina
n. see vasculitis.... angiitis
n. an abnormal collection of small blood vessels found in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which are thought to be due to degeneration of previously healthy blood vessels. Angiodysplasia may be isolated lesions or found in clusters; they are located predominately in the caecum or ascending colon and they may bleed or contribute to iron-deficiency anaemia. Angiodysplasia may be diagnosed at endoscopy or angiography. Treatment includes endoscopic coagulation with *diathermy, *argon plasma coagulation, *embolization at angiography, or surgical resection in cases not responding to other treatments.... angiodysplasia
an agent that prevents the development of new blood vessels (*angiogenesis) by inhibiting the action of *vascular endothelial growth factor (it is also known as anti-VEGF). Angiogenesis inhibitors are used as anticancer drugs, since growing cancers have a greater need for blood supply than normal tissue and must develop new blood vessels before progressing beyond a very small size. They include *aflibercept, *bevacizumab, and *thalidomide. Because of their action, some of these drugs are used in the treatment of wet age-related *macular degeneration.... angiogenesis inhibitor
reddish to dark-brown irregular streaks radiating outwards from the optic disc underneath the retina. They represent irregular linear cracks in *Bruch’s membrane and can be the site for the development of new vessels from the choroid. They are seen in such systemic conditions as pseudoxanthoma elasticum, Paget’s disease, and sickle-cell anaemia.... angioid streaks
n. a localized collection of thin-walled blood vessels covered by a cap of warty material. It is most often seen as angiokeratoma of Fordyce, purple papules on the scrotum or vulva of the elderly, which should not be treated unless they bleed easily. Angiokeratomas can also occur on the hands and feet of children. The condition is not malignant and its cause is unknown. Angiokeratomas may be removed surgically. See also Fabry disease.... angiokeratoma
n. 1. a modified microscope used to study capillaries. 2. a narrow flexible endoscope used to examine the interior of blood vessels.... angioscope
n. see Raynaud’s disease.... angiospasm
any one of a class of drugs that block the action of the hormone *angiotensin II, which constricts blood vessels; they are therefore useful in treating *hypertension. These drugs include candesartan, irbesartan, losartan, telmisartan, and valsartan. Side-effects are usually mild.... angiotensin ii antagonist
see angioma.... cherry angioma
(CTA) see angiography.... computerized tomographic angiography
an X-ray technique for examination of the coronary arteries, often taken to also include examination of the chambers of the heart. A catheter is introduced via the radial artery at the wrist or the femoral artery at the groin and manipulated into the heart under X-ray control. *Contrast medium is then injected to outline the ventricles and coronary arteries. Digital video images are recorded during contrast-medium injection. Coronary angiography is used to diagnose cardiac disease, specifically narrowing or blockage in the coronary arteries, and plan treatment by surgery or radiological interventional techniques (see coronary artery bypass graft; percutaneous coronary intervention). It has now largely been replaced by CT coronary angiography.... coronary angiography
indocyanine green *angiography.... icg angiography
see angiography.... indocyanine green angiography
an obsolete term for *ulcerative gingivitis. [H. Vincent (1862–1950), French physician]... vincent’s angina
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