Anti-androgen Health Dictionary

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Anti-androgen: From 1 Different Sources

n. any one of a group of drugs that inhibit the action of testosterone on the prostate gland by blocking androgen receptors, competing for binding sites, or decreasing androgen production. They are therefore used in the treatment of prostate cancer, which is an androgen-dependent tumour. Anti-androgens include *abiraterone acetate, *bicalutamide, *cyproterone, *finasteride, and *flutamide.
Health Source: Oxford | Concise Colour Medical Dictionary
Author: Jonathan Law, Elizabeth Martin

Androgen

The general term for any one of a group of HORMONES which govern the development of the sexual organs and the secondary sexual characteristics of the male. TESTOSTERONE, the androgenic hormone formed in the interstitial cells of the testis (see TESTICLE), controls the development and maintenance of the male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics. In small doses it increases the number of spermatozoa (see SPERMATOZOON) produced, but in large doses it inhibits the gonadotrophic activity of the anterior PITUITARY GLAND and suppresses the formation of the spermatozoa. It is both androgenic and anabolic in action. The anabolic e?ect includes the ability to stimulate protein synthesis and to diminish the catabolism of amino acids, and this is associated with retention of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and calcium. Doses in excess of 10 mg daily to the female may produce VIRILISM.

Unconjugated testosterone is rarely used clinically because its derivatives have a more powerful and prolonged e?ect, and because testosterone itself requires implantation into the subcutaneous fat using a trocar and cannula for maximum therapeutic bene?t. Testosterone propionate is prepared in an oily solution, as it is insoluble in water; it is e?ective for three days and is therefore administered intramuscularly twice weekly. Testosterone phenyl-propionate is a long-acting microcrystalline preparation which, when given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, is e?ective for four weeks. Testosterone enantate is another long-acting intramuscular preparation. Mesterolone is an e?ective oral androgen and is less hepatoxic: it does not inhibit pituitary gonadotrophic production and hence spermatogenesis is unimpaired. Testosterone undecanoate is also an e?ective oral form.... androgen

Anti-inflammatory

1. adj. describing a drug that reduces *inflammation. The various groups of anti-inflammatory drugs act against one or more of the mediators that initiate or maintain inflammation. Some groups suppress only certain aspects of the inflammatory response. The main groups of anti-inflammatory drugs are the *antihistamines, the glucocorticoids (see corticosteroid), and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (see NSAID). 2. n. an anti-inflammatory drug.... anti-inflammatory

Anti

Pre?x meaning against.... anti

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

See ANALGESICS; NON-STEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDS).... anti-inflammatory drugs

Basil Tea Has Anti-inflammatory Properties

Basil tea is an Ayurvedic natural remedy used to treat a wide variety of diseases such as asthma, diabetes and high cholesterol. Hindus worship the plant for its religious significance as well. Basil Tea description Basil, a plant from the mint family, is original from India and Asia. It is an aromatic herb with a strong fragrance being largely used in spaghetti sauces, stews and tomato recipes. Basil is a source of vitamins and other nutrients.  Studies showed that this herb has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory health properties, fighting against intestinal problems, headaches and ulcers, as well. In aromatherapy, basil is used to alleviate mental fatigue. Basil tea is the resulting beverage from brewing the abovementioned plant. Basil Tea brewing To prepare Basil tea:
  • bring the water and the basil leaves to boil (in a small tea pan)
  • lower the heat and allow it to brew for 3-4 minutes
  • add the tea leaves or tea bags and sugar according to taste
  • bring to boil
  • turn off the heat
  • strain it into cups and add milk according to taste
Basil Tea benefits Studies claimed that Basil Tea is successesfully used to:
  • treat intestinal colics, gastric ulcers and bloating/swelling of the abdomen
  • treat anorexia
  • fight urinary tract infections
  • help against diarrhea
  • help fight insomnia
  • help treat lesions and inflammations in the mouth
  • enhance the body’s ability to resist stress
  • help to relieve pain
Basil Tea side effects Basil tea side effects are generally associated to large intakes. There have been thus noticed:shallow breathing, blood in the urine or sputum, mouth and throat burns, nausea, racing heartbeat, seizures, dizziness and coma. Pregnant or breastfeeding women, as well as women trying to become pregnant should not use Basil tea. Basil tea has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties, proving itself to be an important adjuvant in treating arthritis, fevers and other ailments. It is also constantly used to add savor to several dishes.... basil tea has anti-inflammatory properties

Calendula Tea Is Anti-bacterial

Calendula tea can be consumed for its healing properties as well as for its taste. It is efficient in treating a large array of diseases, being an important ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry. Calendula Tea description Calendula, or ‘marigold’, is an orange or yellow flower, originating from the northern Mediterranean countries. In Roman Catholic Church, calendulas are used in the events honoring the Virgin Mary. In households, marigold flavors and colors cereals, rice and soups. Nowadays, calendula is appreciated for its ornamental features.   Calendula tea is the resulting beverage from brewing the abovementioned plant. Calendula Tea brewing Calendula Tea is prepared by steeping dried calendula flowers in boiling water for about 5 minutes. After taking it out of the heat, strain it and drink it slowly. Calendula Tea benefits Calendula tea is successfully used as:
  • an anti-inflammation and anti-bacterial adjuvant
  • an immuno-stimulator
  • an ear infections aid
  • a conjunctivitis treatment
  • a collagen production stimulator
  • a sore throat and a mouth inflammation adjuvant
  • a gastrointestinal disorders treatment
  • a menstruation cycle regulator
  • a body detoxifier (after an operation)
  • a soothing skin treatment
  • a minor burns healer
  • a toothache mitigator
  • a flu adjuvant
Calendula Tea side effects As a topical treatment, Calendula tea should not be applied on open wounds. Also, allergic responses were noticed by people allergic to ragweed, chrysanthemums and other plants from the daisy or aster family. Calendula tea is best known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties, but also for its healing properties for gastrointestinal disorders.... calendula tea is anti-bacterial

Anti-abortives

Herbs that check any tendency to miscarriage. They should be prescribed by a practitioner and may include: Raspberry leaves, Cramp bark, Lobelia, etc. See: ABORTION. ... anti-abortives

Anti-asthmatics

Herbs that relieve the symptoms of asthma. According to the case the remedy may be an expectorant, antispasmodic, bronchodilator or a combination of each. A large group including:– Belladonna, Black Haw bark, Comfrey, Ephedra, Elecampane, Euphorbia, Evening Primrose, Gelsemium, Irish Moss, Lobelia, Mullein, Senega, Storax, Stramonium, Wild Cherry bark and Wild Yam are all of practitioner use. ... anti-asthmatics

Chaga Tea Has Anti-cancer Properties

Chaga tea is a medicinal beverage with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. It is also an adjuvant in the liver treatment. Chaga Tea description Chaga is an irregularly-shaped polypore fungus (a mushroom), mainly found on the wounds of birch trees, on elm trees, alder trees and ironwood trees. This mushroom has a brown color, its veins being white or cream. It is acknowledged to hold less water than other types of mushrooms. In North Europe and Russia, the chaga mushroom has been used for a long period of time as a popular medicine remedy. Scientists have demonstrated that chaga has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune-stimulating actions. It could also be used to relieve pain. Changa tea is the resulting beverage from brewing the abovementioned mushroom. Chaga Tea brewing Chaga tea is prepared in the following way:
  • shred the Chaga mushrooms
  • soften the pieces in cold water for about five hours
  • get the softened mushrooms out
  • save the liquid
  • add heated water to the softened mushrooms
  • let the mixture stand for about 2 days
  • mix the resultant Chaga tea with the saved liquid from the softening process
  • drink it slowly
Chaga tea may be consumed three times a day. Chaga Tea benefits Chaga tea has been successfully used to:
  • boost and strengthen the immune system
  • help in the treatment of various stomach diseases
  • help in expelling intestinal worms
  • help in the treatment of liver problems
  • help in the treatment of certain heart ailments, including hypertension
  • help in fighting tumors and lowering the risk of certain cancers (like breast, liver, uterus and stomach cancers)
  • help in the treatment of diabetes
  • act against HIV
  • treat inflammations
Chaga Tea side effects Before drinking Chaga tea, consult a health care provider. Chaga tea is a natural beverage used as a treatment for diabetes, several heart ailments as well as for inflammations.... chaga tea has anti-cancer properties

Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids)

These act by inhibiting the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS which are mediators of INFLAMMATION. They act both as ANALGESICS to relieve pain, and as inhibitors of in?ammation. Aspirin is a classic example of such a compound. Newer compounds have been synthesised with the aim of producing fewer and less severe side-effects. They are sometimes preferred to aspirin for the treatment of conditions such as RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, OSTEOARTHRITIS, sprains, strains and sports injuries. Their main side-effects are gastrointestinal: gastric ulcers and gastric haemorrhage may result (see STOMACH, DISEASES OF). This is because prostaglandins are necessary for the production of the mucous protective coat in the stomach and, when the production of prostaglandin is inhibited, the protection of the stomach is compromised. NSAIDs should therefore be used with caution in patients with DYSPEPSIA and gastric ulceration. The various nonsteroidal anti-in?ammatory drugs di?er little from each other in e?cacy, although there is considerable variation in patient response. Ibuprofen is one of the ?rst choices in this group of drugs as it combines good e?cacy with a low incidence of side-effects and administration is only required twice daily. Other drugs in this series include diclofenac, fenbufen, fenclofenac, fenoprofen, feprazone, ?urbiprofen, indomethacin, indoprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, naproxen, piroxicam, sulindac, tiaprofenic acid and tolmetin.... non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids)

Anti-bilious

Herbs with an affinity for the liver and gallbladder, prescribed for inflammation of those organs and promotion of bile.

Balmony, Barberry, Betony, Bitter root, Black root, Centuary, Chamomile, Dandelion, Fringe Tree, Fumitory, Goldenseal, Holy Thistle, Hops, Mountain Grape, Mugwort, Pomegranate bark, Vervain, Wahoo, Wild Yam, Wormwood. ... anti-bilious

Anti-catarrhals

Agents that reduce the production of mucus. Angelica, Avens, Bayberry, Bistort, Blood root, Cayenne, Chamomile (German), Coltsfoot, Comfrey, Elderflowers, Elecampane, Eyebright, Fenugreek, Garlic, Ginger, Goldenseal, Gotu Kola, Ground Ivy, Hyssop, Iceland Moss, Irish Moss, Juniper, Liquorice, Marsh Cudweed, Marshmallow, Mountain Grape, Mouse Ear, Mullein, Myrrh, Parsley, Plantain, Poke root, Senega, Skunk Cabbage, White Horehound, Wild Cherry bark, Wild Indigo, Witch Hazel, Yarrow. Successful treatment of catarrh is often dependent upon efficient kidney, skin and bowel function which may require also, diuretics, alteratives and laxatives. ... anti-catarrhals

Anti-cholingergics

Remedies that inhibit release of acetylcholine as a neuro-transmitter. Given for anti-depressant therapy. May have side-effects of dry mouth, drowsiness, blurred vision. Administered by a qualified practitioner. Two chief remedies: Belladonna (atropa) and Henbane (hyoscyamus). They reduce acid secretion but are sometimes given with Comfrey and other tissue builders to promote healing. Anti-cholinergics decrease secretion of gastric juices by their control of the vagus nerve. ... anti-cholingergics

Anti-coagulants

Herbs that keep the blood ‘flowing’ by preventing clotting or clumping of the platelets. Anti-coagulants are justified after myocardial infarction, may prevent cardiac death, and are not outweighed by adverse reactions. Of value in thrombosis.

Bayberry, Cowslip root (Biostrath), Garlic, Ginseng, Lime flowers. ... anti-coagulants

Anti-convulsants

Usually refers to children with fevers. Herbs for a febrile seizure, or for prevention and reduction of epileptic fits. Usually given orally, but where this is not possible a rectal injection or a suppository (such as Valerian) may be used. Another term for ‘antispasmodics’. ... anti-convulsants

Anti-diabetics

Anti-diabetics have an ability to counter hyperglycaemia and are of value for diabetes mellitus.

1st degree. Goat’s Rue, Fenugreek Seeds, Garlic, Jambul.

2nd degree. Damiana, Nettles, Pipsissewa, Olive leaves, Karela, White Horehound, Sweet Sumach, Mountain Grape, Fennel. ... anti-diabetics

Anti-diarrhoeals

Herbs with an ability to arrest diarrhoea or soothe an irritable bowel. According to degree, an astringent may have a similar effect. A large group including:– Avens, Bistort, Catnep, Cinnamon, Hemlock Spruce, Holy Thistle, Kola nuts, Matico, Orris root, Rhatany root. ... anti-diarrhoeals

Anti-emetics

Remedies that allay a sense of nausea and prevent vomiting. Three most popular: Chamomile, Black Horehound, Meadowsweet. Others: Balm, Balmony, Barberry, Cayenne, Cinnamon, Cloves, Dill, Fennel, Fringe Tree bark, Iceland Moss, Lavender, Mountain Grape, Nutmeg, Peppermint.

A cup of Chamomile tea may sometimes alleviate the vomiting of cancer chemotherapy and radiation. ANTI-FATIGUE HERBS. Ginseng, Gotu Kola, Saw Palmetto, Kola. ... anti-emetics

Anti-flatulents

See: CARMINATIVES. ... anti-flatulents

Anti-fungals

Fungicides. Herbs that destroy fungi, as in the treatment of thrush, candida, etc. Internal or external use: Aloe Vera, Tea Tree oil, Caprycin, Bitter-Sweet, Daisy, Blood root (skin), Castor oil, Common Ivy, Ground Ivy, Marigold, Eucalyptus oil, Scarlet Pimpernel, Echinacea, Life root, Myrrh, Witch Hazel, White Pond Lily, Wild Indigo, Poke root. Thuja and Garlic are perhaps the most widely used. Externally, used as dusting powders, creams, ointments.

Administration of anti-fungals should be accompanied by a sugarless diet. ... anti-fungals

Anti-haemorrhagics

A group of powerful astringents clinical experience has shown to be effective in arresting mild to moderate internal bleeding.

Digestive tract: Marigold, Comfrey, Bur-Marigold, Matico, Shepherd’s Purse, Holy Thistle, American Cranesbill, Goldenseal.

Anal/Rectal: Pilewort, Plantain, Matico, Rhatany root, Witch Hazel.

Mouth: Tormentil.

Nose-bleeds: Nettles.

Uterus. Shepherd’s Purse, Ladies Mantle, Greater Periwinkle, Beth root, Avens, Goldenseal. Urinary system. Bistort, Plantain, Marigold, Stone root, Horsetail, Bur-Marigold.

Lungs. Bugleweed, Elecampane, Lungwort.

Colon. Greater Burnet, Matico, Comfrey, Bistort, Wild Yam, Holy Thistle, Avens, Tormentil. Capillary haemorrhage. Buckwheat. ... anti-haemorrhagics

Anti-infectives

Herbs that stimulate the body’s immune system to withstand infection. Alternatives to anti-bacterial substances obtained from micro-organisms as penicillin, streptomycin etc. Those from herbs do not destroy beneficial bacteria normally present in the intestines, neither does the body get used to them.

Some essential oils are natural antibiotics. Others: Blue Flag root, Buchu, Chaparral, Butterbur, Echinacea, Feverfew, Garlic, Goldenseal, Holy Thistle, Horse Radish (Vogel), Juniper berries, Myrrh, Nasturtium, Poke root, Red Clover, Watercress (Vogel), Wild Indigo, Wild Thyme.

Vitamin C is a powerful antibiotic (1-2g daily).

ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES. A group of agents known to reduce inflammation. Action is not to suppress but to enable tissue to return to normal on the strength of its own resources. Some members of the group are helpful for chronic conditions such as polyarthritis and rheumatism caused by a sub-acute inflammation going on quietly over a long time. Others work by blocking prostaglandin synthesis. General. Chamomile (German, Roman), Cowslip root, Fennel, Feverfew, Heartsease, Mistletoe, Turmeric, Yellow Dock.

Specific. Bistort (bowel). Comfrey (bones). Devil’s Claw (muscles). St John’s Wort (nerve tissue). Lignum vitae (rheumatic joints). Poke root (lymph vessels). Eyebright (conjunctivitis: topical as an eye lotion). Horsechestnut (anus). Bogbean (liver and gall bladder).

Steroid-like action. Ginseng, Black Cohosh, Black Haw, Liquorice, Wild Yam.

Aspirin-like action. Birch, Black Willow bark, Meadowsweet, White Poplar bark, White Willow bark, Wintergreen.

Some types of inflammation may be reduced by herbs that stimulate the eliminatory organs – lungs, bowel, skin and kidneys. A timely enema may reduce a high temperature with inflammation, to expel toxins and unload an over-loaded bowel; (Dandelion root, Parsley root, Sarsaparilla).

ANTI-INFLAMMATION FORMULA. (Biostrath). Drops containing cultures combined with extracts derived from medicinal plants possessing known therapeutic properties: Arnica, Bryony, Balm, Chamomile, Horseradish, Marigold, Hypericum, Echinacea.

Indications: colic, inflammation of the alimentary tract. ... anti-infectives

Anti-lacteals

Herbs that reduce milk production. Sage.

ANTI-LITHICS. Agents used for elimination or dissolution of stone or gravel. Stone root, Parsley root, Hydrangea, Pellitory of the Wall, Gravel root. ... anti-lacteals

Anti-mycotics

Remedies that arrest fungal growth on the skin or mucous membrane. See: ANTI- FUNGAL. ... anti-mycotics

Anti-nauseants

Herbs that arrest or inhibit vomiting and nausea. Black Horehound. ... anti-nauseants

Anti-neoplastics

Herbs that prevent formation or destroy tumour cells. Some reported in the literature to arrest the spread of malignancy. A neoplasm is a new growth and may be malignant or non- malignant. Bayberry (intestinal), Bryonia (lung), Clivers (Genito-urinary tract), Comfrey (general), Condurango (gastric), Dandelion (liver), Echinacea, Greater Celandine (epithelial), Mandrake (face and skin), Mistletoe, Myrrh, Plantain (throat), Poke root (breast), Queen’s Delight, Red Clover (epithelial and breast), Rosebay Willowherb (gastric), Vinca rosea (leukaemia), Thuja (womb), Wild Violet (breast and womb), Yellow Dock. ... anti-neoplastics

Anti-parasitics

Another term for ANTHELMINTICS.

ANTI-PERIODICS. Remedies that prevent the return of a disease that tends to recur (malaria). Peruvian bark, Ash Tree (Fraxinus excelsior). ... anti-parasitics

Anti-perspirants

Herbs that reduce sweating; anti-hidrotics.

Internal: White Willow bark, Red Sage.

External: Essential oils of Sage, Pine, Rosemary, Lavender. Blended with fresh lemon juice are marketed as a gentle spray without aerosol (Weleda). Zinc and Castor oil cream or ointment.

Bath preparations made from these oils; herbal soaps, massage oils. ... anti-perspirants

Anti-microbials

Plant medicines that destroy or inhibit growth of disease-causing bacteria or other micro-organisms. Aniseed, Barberry, Bayberry, Bearberry, Benzoin, Blood root, Buchu, Camphor, Caraway oil, Catechu, Cayenne, Cinnamon, Clove, Cornsilk, Coriander, Echinacea, Elecampane, Eucalyptus, Fennel seed, Garlic, Gentian, Goldenseal, Guaiacum, Heather flowers (Calluna), Hemlock Spruce bark, Juniper, Kava Kava, Kino, Labrador tea, Lavender, Liquorice, Lovage root, Mandrake, Marigold, Marjoram, Meadowsweet, Mountain Grape, Myrrh, Nasturtium, Olive, Orthosiphon, Parsley root, Peppermint, Peruvian balsam, Plantain, Propolis, Rosemary, Rue, Sage, St John’s Wort, Southernwood, Thuja, Thyme, Turmeric, White Pond Lily, Wild Indigo, Wood Sage, Wormwood, Yarrow. ... anti-microbials

Anti-protozoals

Remedies that inhibit the action of protozoa, a class of single-celled microscopic animals. Ipecacuanha, Peruvian bark. ... anti-protozoals

Anti-pruritics

Agents to relieve intense itching. Chamomile, Chickweed, Clivers, Cucumber, Goldenseal, Marigold, Sarsaparilla, Peppermint, St John’s Wort. ... anti-pruritics

Anti-pyretic

Another term for FEBRIFUGE. ... anti-pyretic

Anti-rheumatics

Herbs that may relieve discomforts of rheumatism and arthritis. Bearberry, Black Cohosh, Blue Cohosh, Black Willow, Bladderwrack, Blue Flag root, Bogbean, Boneset, Burdock, Calluna (Heather flowers), Cayenne, Celery seed, Chickweed, Couchgrass, Cowslip (Biostrath), Dandelion, Devil’s Claw, Guaiacum, Juniper, Lavender, Meadowsweet, Mountain Grape, Nettles, Parsley root, Poke root, Prickly Ash, Sarsaparilla, Pipsissewa, White Poplar, Wild Yam, Wintergreen, Wood Sage, Willow (Biostrath), Wormwood, Yarrow, Yellow Dock. ... anti-rheumatics

Anti-scorbutics

Agents that relieve or cure scurvy. Bogbean, Burdock, Chickweed, Clivers, Cubebs, Blue Flag root, Lemon juice, Sorrel, Nettles, Sarsaparilla, Yellow Parilla, Yellow Dock, Watercress. ... anti-scorbutics

Anti-scrofulous

An agent that tends to reduce glandular inflammation and swelling, and inhibits onset of tuberculosis of the lymphatics. See: LYMPHATICS. ... anti-scrofulous

Anti-spasmodics

Agents for relief of muscular cramp, spasm or mild pain. To reduce spasm of smooth muscle. The key remedy is Cramp bark but all have their specific uses.

They may be general (Black Haw, Cramp bark), or those that exert their influence upon specific structures: Hyssop (lungs), Cloves (mucous membranes), Wild Thyme (bronchi), Figwort (anus).

Others in common use: Asafoetida, Balm, Betony, Black Haw (muscles generally, also womb), Black Cohosh, Blue Cohosh, Butterburr, Blood root (externally), Cayenne, German Chamomile (stomach), Dong Quai (ovaries), Eucalyptus, Hops (stomach), Ladyslipper, Liquorice, Lime Blossom, Lobelia, Mistletoe, Motherwort (heart), Nutmeg (angina), Passion Flower, Skullcap, Skunk Cabbage, Thyme, Valerian, Vervain, Wild Cherry (respiratory), Wild Carrot (kidneys and bladder), Wild Lettuce, Wild Yam. Devil’s Claw (muscles).

Anti-Spasmodic Drops (Heath and Heather). Cramp, neuralgia, etc. Tincture Myrrh 6 per cent; Tincture Capsic 15 per cent; with 45 per cent ethanol extractive from Scutellaria (Skullcap) 10 per cent; Lobelia 1.25 per cent; Fennel 2.5 per cent; American Valerian 5 per cent. Dose: 10-30 drops according to age.

John Christopher: 2oz crushed Lobelia seeds; half an ounce Lobelia herb; 1 teaspoon Cayenne; macerated in 1 pint cider 8 days. 1-2 teaspoon when necessary.

Combination: powders. Equal parts: Skullcap, Valerian, Lobelia, Black Cohosh. Myrrh quarter part. Mix. Sift. Quarter of a teaspoon in water, honey etc as necessary.

Formula. Powders. Cramp Bark 2; Skullcap 1; Cloves half; Cayenne Pepper quarter. Mix. Dose: 500mg (two 00 capsules or one-third teaspoon thrice daily. (Indian Herbology of North America, Alma R. Hutchens) ... anti-spasmodics

Anti-tumours

See: ANTI-NEOPLASTICS. ... anti-tumours

Anti-tussives

To reduce cough severity, ease expectoration and clear the lungs. Over a hundred medicinal plants are listed from which the following are a small selection: Angelica, Balm of Gilead, Coltsfoot, Comfrey, Cowslip, Elecampane, Fenugreek, Garlic, Grindelia Hyssop, Linseed, Liquorice, Marshmallow, Irish Moss, Mousear, Mullein, Pleurisy root, Senega, Sweet Chestnut leaves, Sundew, Violet leaves, Thyme (Garden or Wild), White Horehound, Slippery Elm bark, Marsh Cudweed,. ... anti-tussives

Anti-virals

Herbs that contain Vitamin C or stimulate its metabolism in the body. Vitamin C has a broad spectrum viricidal action which is often overlooked for acute infectious diseases.

Aloe Vera, Balm, Boneset, Burdock, Echinacea, Elderflowers, Elecampane, Eucalyptus, Garlic, Goldenseal, Liquorice, Marjoram, Pulsatilla, Queen’s Delight, St John’s Wort, Thuja, Wild Indigo, Yarrow. ... anti-virals

Anti-d(rh0) Immunoglobulin

An antiserum that contains antibodies against Rhesus (Rh) D factor (a substance present on the red blood cells of people with Rh-positive blood).

Anti-D(Rh0) immunoglobulin is given routinely at intervals during normal pregnancy and at delivery.

An additional dose is also given after an amniocentesis, miscarriage, or any event in which the baby’s blood may enter the mother’s circulation.

The injected antibodies prevent the woman from forming her own antibodies against Rh-positive blood, which might adversely affect a subsequent pregnancy.

(See also haemolytic disease of the newborn; Rhesus incompatibility.)... anti-d(rh0) immunoglobulin

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

Drugs that reduce inflammation. The main groups of these drugs are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and corticosteroid drugs. (See also analgesic drugs.)... anti-inflammatory drugs

Anti-staphylococcals

Agents that have anti-bacterial action on most strains of staphylococcus. For treatment of pus-forming lesions, necrotic tissue and for after-surgery infections.

Angostura, Balm, Barberry, Bayberry, Bearberry, Benzoin, Bistort, Blood root, Black Cohosh, Black Currant, Buchu, Bugleweed (Lycopus virginicus and Lycopus europaeus), Butternut (Juglans cinerea), Camphor, Catechu, Cola, Cornsilk, Elecampane, Eucalyptus, Fringe Tree, Goldenseal, Guaiacum, Holy Thistle, Hops, Jaborandi, Jalap, Jambul, Juniper, Kino, Ladysmantle, Labrador tea, Lavender, Liquorice, Male fern, Mandrake, Marjoram, Meadowsweet, Mountain Grape, Myrtle (common), Oleander, Olive, Orthosiphon, Pennyroyal, Peony (common), Pine (Hemlock spruce), Pulsatilla, Rhus toxicodendron, Sage, St John’s Wort, Senna, Sumach, Sumbul, Sundew, Thuja, Turmeric, Unicorn root true, Walnut (juglans regia), Wild Indigo. Propolis, a resin foraged by bees for the exclusion of draughts in the hive has proved to be an effective anti-staphylococcal. ... anti-staphylococcals

Androgen Drugs

Natural or synthetic androgen hormones used as drugs; one of the most important is testosterone. These drugs are used in the treatment of male hypogonadism (underactivity of the testes) to stimulate the development of sexual characteristics.

Androgen drugs are occasionally used to treat certain types of breast cancer. They have been widely used by sportsmen wishing to increase muscle bulk and strength, a practice that is dangerous to health (see steroids, anabolic).

Adverse effects include fluid retention, weight gain, increased blood cholesterol, and, rarely, liver damage. When taken by women, the drugs can cause male characteristics, such as facial hair, to develop.

androgen hormones A group of hormones that stimulate the development of male sexual characteristics.

Androgens are produced by specialized cells in the testes in males and in the adrenal glands in both sexes. The ovaries secrete very small quantities of androgens until the menopause. The most active androgen is testosterone, which is produced in the testes. The production of androgens by the testes is controlled by certain pituitary hormones, called gonadotrophins. Adrenal androgens are controlled by ACTH, another pituitary hormone.

Androgens stimulate male secondary sexual characteristics at puberty, such as the growth of facial hair and deepening of the voice. They have an anabolic effect (they raise the rate of protein synthesis and lower the rate at which it is broken down). This increases muscle bulk and accelerates growth. At the end of puberty, androgens cause the long bones to stop growing. They stimulate sebum secretion, which, if excessive, causes acne. In early adult life, androgens promote male-pattern baldness.

Androgen deficiency may occur if the testes are diseased or if the pituitary gland fails to secrete gonadotrophins. Typical effects include decreased body and facial hair, a high-pitched voice, underdevelopment of the genitalia, and poor muscle development.

Overproduction of androgens may be the result of adrenal disorders (see adrenal tumours; adrenal hyperplasia, congenital), of testicular tumours (see testis, cancer of), or, rarely, of androgensecreting ovarian tumours (see ovary, cancer of).

In men, excess androgens accentuate male characteristics; in boys, they cause premature sexual development.

In women, excess androgens cause virilization, the development of masculine features such as an increase in body hair, deepening of the voice, clitoral enlargement, and amenorrhoea.... androgen drugs

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A group of drugs, also known as NSAIDs that produce analgesia (pain relief) and reduce inflammation in joints and soft tissues such as muscles and ligaments.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to relieve symptoms caused by types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and gout. They do not cure or halt the progress of disease. NSAIDs are also used in the treatment of back pain, menstrual pain, headaches, pain after minor surgery, and soft tissue injuries.

The drugs reduce pain and inflammation by blocking the production of prostaglandins (chemicals that cause inflammation and trigger transmission of pain signals to the brain).

NSAIDs may cause a wide range of side effects, the most important of which are nausea, indigestion, bleeding from the stomach, and, sometimes, peptic ulcer.... nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

(AIS) an X-linked (see sex-linked) disorder in which the body does not react to androgens because of structural abnormalities in androgen receptors. In its most extreme form, complete AIS (formerly known as testicular feminization syndrome), there is a fully female body appearance with breast development and a short vagina (but no uterus; testes are present internally). Psychosexuality is female orientated. Partial AIS is also known as *Reifenstein’s syndrome.... androgen insensitivity syndrome

Androgenization

n. the final effects of the exposure of sensitive tissues to androgens, i.e. the development of secondary male sexual characteristics. Androgenization can also occur abnormally in females, who may develop excessive body hair, male-pattern baldness, and *clitoromegaly.... androgenization

Anti-arrhythmic

adj. describing a group of drugs used to correct irregularities in the heartbeat (see arrhythmia). They include *adenosine, *amiodarone, *verapamil, *disopyramide, *flecainide, and *lidocaine.... anti-arrhythmic

Anti-müllerian Hormone

see Müllerian duct.... anti-müllerian hormone

Anti-oestrogen

(oestrogen-receptor antagonist) n. one of a group of drugs that oppose the action of oestrogen by binding to *oestrogen receptors in the body’s tissues. The most important of these drugs is currently *tamoxifen, which is used in the treatment of breast cancers dependent on oestrogen. Because they stimulate the production of pituitary *gonadotrophins, some anti-oestrogens (e.g. *clomifene, tamoxifen) are used to induce or stimulate ovulation in infertility treatment. Side-effects of anti-oestrogens include hot flushes, itching of the vulva, nausea, vomiting, fluid retention, and sometimes vaginal bleeding.... anti-oestrogen

Anti-d Immunoglobulin

(anti-D Ig) a preparation of anti-D, a *rhesus factor antibody formed by Rh-negative individuals following exposure to Rh-positive blood (usually by exchange between fetal and maternal blood in Rh-negative women who carry a Rh-positive fetus). Anti-D Ig is administered (by intramuscular injection) to Rh-negative women within 72 hours of giving birth to a Rh-positive child (or following miscarriage or abortion) to prevent the risk of *haemolytic disease of the newborn in a subsequent child. It rapidly destroys any remaining Rh-positive cells, which could otherwise stimulate antibody production affecting the next pregnancy. Anti-D is also available as antenatal prophylaxis to all Rh-negative pregnant women.... anti-d immunoglobulin

Anti-tnf Drugs

see cytokine inhibitor.... anti-tnf drugs

Anti-vegf

an agent that inhibits the action of *vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). See angiogenesis inhibitor.... anti-vegf

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug

see NSAID.... nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Anti-anaemic

an agent which combats anaemia. Anti-arthritic: an agent which combats arthritis. Antibilious: an agent which helps remove excess bile from the body.... anti-anaemic

Anti-emetic

an agent which reduces the incidence and severity of nausea or vomiting.... anti-emetic

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