Booster Health Dictionary

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Booster: From 1 Different Sources

A follow-up dose of vaccine, given to reinforce or prolong immunity after an initial course of immunization.
Health Source: BMA Medical Dictionary
Author: The British Medical Association

Mmr Vaccine

A combined vaccine o?ering protection against MEASLES, MUMPS and RUBELLA (German measles), it was introduced in the UK in 1988 and has now replaced the measles vaccine. The combined vaccine is o?ered to all infants in their second year; health authorities have an obligation to ensure that all children have received the vaccine by school entry – it should be given with the pre-school booster doses against DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS and POLIOMYELITIS, if not earlier – unless there is a valid contra-indication (such as partial immunosuppression), parental refusal, or evidence of previous infection. MMR vaccine may also be used in the control of measles outbreaks, if o?ered to susceptible children within three days of exposure to infection. The vaccine is e?ective and generally safe, though minor symptoms such as malaise, fever and rash may occur 5–10 days after immunisation. The incidence of all three diseases has dropped substantially since MMR was introduced in the UK and USA.

A researcher has suggested a link between the vaccine and AUTISM, but massive studies of children with and without this condition in several countries have failed to ?nd any evidence to back the claim. Nonetheless, the publicity war has been largely lost by the UK health departments so that vaccine rates have dropped to a worryingly low level.

(See IMMUNISATION.)... mmr vaccine

Poliomyelitis

Once known as infantile paralysis, this disease is caused by a viral infection involving the BRAIN and SPINAL CORD. Since the development of e?ective vaccines in the 1950s (see IMMUNISATION), polio has been practically eliminated in most developed countries. People who have not been fully vaccinated, however, may get the disease: it remains a serious risk for unvaccinated travellers to Africa, Asia or southern Europe. Most reported cases are now from sub-Saharan Africa.

Pathology There are three types of virus, infection spreading by the stools-contaminated hands-mouth route. Children are most susceptible.

One attack usually produces permanent immunity, and second attacks are rare. The virus typically affects the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord, especially those in the lumbar region; the grey matter of the brain stem and cortex may also be damaged.

Vaccination is given to infants at two, three and four months: a booster dose is given at around the age of ?ve. The vaccine contains all three types of polio virus. Two types of vaccine are available: inactivated polio virus (IPV) contains dead virus and is administered by injections; oral polio vaccine (OPV) contains live, harmless strains. The latter is used in the United Kingdom.

Symptoms The incubation period is around 7–14 days, the onset being marked by a mild fever and headache which improves after a few days. In around 85 per cent of infected children there is no further progression, but in some – after approximately one week – the symptoms recur, together with neck sti?ness and signs of meningeal irritation (see MENINGES). Weakness of individual muscle groups is common, and may progress – to a variable extent, depending on the distribution of the virus – to widespread PARALYSIS. Involvement of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles may lead to respiratory failure and rapid death unless arti?cial respiration is provided. Involvement of the cranial nerves and brain may lead to nystagmus (see under EYE, DISORDERS OF), hoarseness and di?culty in swallowing, and CONVULSIONS may occur in young children. The CEREBROSPINAL FLUID shows an early increase in lymphocytes, followed by a rise in protein concentration.

Treatment There is no e?ective drug treatment for the infection. Treatment involves early bed rest, followed by PHYSIOTHERAPY and orthopaedic measures as required. At the onset of respiratory diffculties a TRACHEOSTOMY and arti?cial ventilation should be started. (In the 1950s, when polio epidemics were occurring, respiratory diffculties were treated by placing patients in an ‘iron lung’ – a large, airtight, cylindrical container in which the air pressure was raised and lowered to simulate normal breathing.) In cases of severe paralysis with persistent wasting of the limbs, surgery may be necessary to minimise the resulting disability.... poliomyelitis

Tetanus

Also called LOCKJAW, this is a bacterial infection of the nervous system. Increased excitability of the SPINAL CORD results in painful and prolonged spasms of the voluntary muscles throughout the body, rapidly leading to death unless treated.

Causes The disease is caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, found generally in earth and dust and especially in places where animal manure is collected. Infection usually follows a wound, especially a deeply punctured or gunshot wound, with the presence of some foreign body. It is a hazard in war and also among farmers, gardeners and those in the construction industry. The bacillus develops a toxin in the wound, which is absorbed through the motor nerves into the spinal cord where it renders the nerves excitable and acutely sensitive to mild stimuli.

Symptoms Most commonly appearing within four to ?ve days of the wound, the patient’s symptoms may be delayed for several weeks – by which time the wound may have healed. Initially there is muscle sti?ness around the wound followed by sti?ness around the jaw, leading to lockjaw, or trismus. This extends to the muscles of the neck, back, chest, abdomen, and limbs, leading to strange, often changing, contorted postures, accompanied by frequent seizures – often provoked by quite minor stimuli such as a sudden noise. The patient’s breathing may be seriously affected, in severe cases leading to ASPHYXIA; the temperature may rise sharply, often with sweating; and severe pain is common. Mental clarity is characteristic adding to the patient’s anxiety. In severe infections death may be from asphyxia, PNEUMONIA, or general exhaustion. More commonly, the disease takes a chronic course, leading to gradual recovery. Outcome depends on several factors, chie?y the patient’s immune status and age, and early administration of appropriate treatment.

Tetanus may occur in newborn babies, particularly when birth takes place in an unhygienic environment. It is particularly common in the tropics and developing countries, with a high mortality rate. Local tetanus is a rare manifestation, in which only muscles around the wound are affected, though sti?ness may last for several months. STRYCHNINE poisoning and RABIES, although similar in some respects to tetanus, may be easily distinguished by taking a good history.

Prevention and treatment The incidence of tetanus in the United Kingdom has been almost abolished by the introduction of tetanus vaccine (see IMMUNISATION). Children are routinely immunised at two, three and four months of age, and boosters are given later in life to at-risk workers, or those travelling to tropical parts.

Treatment should be started as soon as possible after sustaining a potentially dangerous wound. An intravenous injection of antitoxin should be given immediately, the wound thoroughly cleaned and PENICILLIN administered. Expert nursing is most important. Spasms may be minimised by reducing unexpected stimuli, and diazepam (see BENZODIAZEPINES; TRANQUILLISERS) is helpful. Intravenous feeding should be started immediately if the patient cannot swallow. Aspiration of bronchial secretions and antibiotic treatment of pneumonia may be necessary.... tetanus

Agaricus Tea: A Mushroom Tea

Agaricus tea is the beverage resulting from brewing the dried Agaricus mushrooms. Cultivated for culinary purposes, this tea has healing properties which enable it to be an important ingredient in the pharmaceutical industries. About Agaricus Tea Agaricus is a species of mushroom, growing locally in Asia, Europe and South America. It is also known as the “mushroom of life” or “God’s mushroom” and is appreciated for its health properties. The Agaricus mushroom is bulbous at the base, its flesh has a nut-like taste while its scent is akin to almonds. It is regularly added to salads, stir fries, pastas, sauces, soups, pies and breakfasts. Agaricus Tea is obtained by brewing the above mentioned mushroom. Brewing Agaricus Tea When brewing Agaricus Tea, it is recommended to use a non aluminum pot or teapot. 750ml is enough for 3 cups taken throughout the day: 1 cup in the morning, 1 cup in the afternoon and 1 cup in the evening.
  • place about 5 grams of mushrooms in 1 liter of cold water
  •  let the mushrooms soak in 1 liter of water until they are re-hydrated
  • when the mushrooms are dry and you start to boil the water, they will just float on top and will not extract as quickly
  • bring the mixture to a boil
  • once it starts to boil, reduce the flame and let it simmer at low flame for about 20 to 30 minutes until the mixture has been reduced about 1/4 or when you have about 750ml of liquid left
  • let the mixture cool
Agaricus Tea could be served cold or hot. Agaricus Tea benefits Agaricus Tea is a great source of nutrition, providing a full range of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates and proteins, important for human health. It has been acknowledged that Agaricus tea may reduce the risk of tumors and cancer due to the antioxidant action which enhance the immune system. Agaricus tea is part of the anti-cancer treatment regimen in both Brazil and Japan. This tea is successfully used as a helping tool in:
  • lowering the diabetes risk
  • lowering the risk of cardiovascular ailments
  • mitigating stomach ulcers and ulcerative colitis
  • fighting against osteoporosis
  • reducing digestive ailments
  • fighting against diseases affecting the bloodstream
Agaricus tea is believed to help in reducing radiation damage. Agaricus Tea side effects Agaricus tea is considered safe, non-toxic and well tolerated by the majority of the population. Further studies should be conducted in order to establish if Agaricus tea can actually cause liver damage when taken in clinical doses. Agaricus tea is an important immune enhancer and energy booster. It provides the needed help in weight management and could be successfully included in diets through tasty salads or sauces.... agaricus tea: a mushroom tea

Astragalus Tea

Astragalus tea is a good choice to improve the immune system and it also renders a pleasant beverage to consumers. Astragalus Tea description Astragalus is one of the most frequently used herbs in food supplements and remedies in China, well known as an immunity booster. It has been proved it enables the body to maintain its normal balance of health. Astragalus contains antioxidants, compounds that protect the body from free radicals, which can damage the human metabolism. This plant has anti-inflammatory properties and it is a natural antibiotic that destroys bacteria and viruses. Astragalus tea is made by brewing the roots of the abovementioned plant. Astragalus Tea may be intaken internally or applied topically to accelerate wounds to heal. Astragalus Tea brewing Astragalus tea can be served both hot and cold. To prepare the hot tea, steep one tea bag in hot water for 3 - 5 minutes. To prepare the iced tea, steep one tea bag in hot water for 3 - 5 minutes and refrigerate. 2 to 4 tea bags of Astragalus tea can be used daily. Astragalus Tea benefits Astragalus Tea can be successfully used to:
  • improve the functions of the lungs, thereby it helps treating ailments as bronchitis, pneumonia and whooping cough
  • help in the overall efforts to treat ulcers and tumors in the stomach
  • reduce fatigue
  • promote the healing of wounds
  • strengthen the immune system
  • remove fluid from the body
  • relieve impotence and frigidity
Astragalus Tea is an adjuvant in treating heart problems. Astragalus Tea side effects Astragalus tea side effects are generally related to high doses consumption. Astragalus tea is a healthy beverage that can treat cancer, due to its high content of antioxidants which fight the free radicals, responsible for tumors growth and cancer cells spreading.... astragalus tea

Childhood Immunization Schedule

The schedule laid down by most countries to recommend which routine immunizations should be given to children and the intervals at which boosters should be administered. Such routine immunizations usually include tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, polio, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (H.I.B.) and after one year of age, measles, rubella and mumps vaccines.... childhood immunization schedule

Dpt Vaccine

Often called the TRIPLE VACCINE, the injections produce immunity against DIPHTHERIA, whooping cough (PERTUSSIS) and TETANUS. The vaccine is given as a course of three injections to infants around the ages of two, three and four months, together with haemophilus in?uenza B and meningococcal C vaccine as well as oral polio vaccine. A booster injection is given at school entry (see schedule in IMMUNISATION).... dpt vaccine

Triple Vaccine

Also known as DPT vaccine, this is an injection that provides IMMUNITY against DIPHTHERIA, pertussis (whooping-cough) and TETANUS. It is given as a course of three injections at around the ages of two, three and four months. A booster dose of diphtheria and tetanus is given at primary-school age. Certain infants – those with a family history of EPILEPSY, or who have neurological disorders or who have reacted severely to the ?rst dose – should not have the pertussis element of DPT. (See MMR VACCINE; IMMUNISATION.)... triple vaccine

Mmr Vaccination

Administration of a combined vaccine that gives protection against measles, mumps, and rubella. The vaccination is offered to all children at 12–15 months of age, with a booster shot at 3–5 years. Vaccination is postponed if a child is feverish, and it is not given to children with untreated cancer or allergies to aminoglycoside antibiotic drugs such as neomycin.

Mild fever, rash, and malaise may occur after vaccination. In 1 per cent of cases, mild, noninfectious swelling of the parotid glands develops 3–4 weeks after vaccination. There is no evidence for a link between and Crohn’s disease or autism.... mmr vaccination

Child Health

Paediatrics is the branch of medicine which deals with diseases of children, but many paediatricians have a wider role, being employed largely outside acute hospitals and dealing with child health in general.

History Child health services were originally designed, before the NHS came into being, to ?nd or prevent physical illness by regular inspections. In the UK these were carried out by clinical medical o?cers (CMOs) working in infant welfare clinics (later, child health clinics) set up to ?ll the gap between general practice and hospital care. The services expanded greatly from the mid 1970s; ‘inspections’ have evolved into a regular screening and surveillance system by general practitioners and health visitors, while CMOs have mostly been replaced by consultant paediatricians in community child health (CPCCH).

Screening Screening begins at birth, when every baby is examined for congenital conditions such as dislocated hips, heart malformations, cataract and undescended testicles. Blood is taken to ?nd those babies with potentially brain-damaging conditions such as HYPOTHYROIDISM and PHENYLKETONURIA. Some NHS trusts screen for the life-threatening disease CYSTIC FIBROSIS, although in future it is more likely that ?nding this disease will be part of prenatal screening, along with DOWN’S (DOWN) SYNDROME and SPINA BIFIDA. A programme to detect hearing impairment in newborn babies has been piloted from 2001 in selected districts to ?nd out whether it would be a useful addition to the national screening programme. Children from ethnic groups at risk of inherited abnormalities of HAEMOGLOBIN (sickle cell disease; thalassaemia – see under ANAEMIA) have blood tested at some time between birth and six months of age.

Illness prevention At two months, GPs screen babies again for these abnormalities and start the process of primary IMMUNISATION. The routine immunisation programme has been dramatically successful in preventing illness, handicap and deaths: as such it is the cornerstone of the public health aspect of child health, with more potential vaccines being made available every year. Currently, infants are immunised against pertussis (see WHOOPING COUGH), DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS, POLIOMYELITIS, haemophilus (a cause of MENINGITIS, SEPTICAEMIA, ARTHRITIS and epiglottitis) and meningococcus C (SEPTICAEMIA and meningitis – see NEISSERIACEAE) at two, three and four months. Selected children from high-risk groups are o?ered BCG VACCINE against tuberculosis and hepatitis vaccine. At about 13 months all are o?ered MMR VACCINE (measles, mumps and rubella) and there are pre-school entry ‘boosters’ of diphtheria, tetanus, polio, meningococcus C and MMR. Pneumococcal vaccine is available for particular cases but is not yet part of the routine schedule.

Health promotion and education Throughout the UK, parents are given their child’s personal health record to keep with them. It contains advice on health promotion, including immunisation, developmental milestones (when did he or she ?rst smile, sit up, walk and so on), and graphs – called centile charts – on which to record height, weight and head circumference. There is space for midwives, doctors, practice nurses, health visitors and parents to make notes about the child.

Throughout at least the ?rst year of life, both parents and health-care providers set great store by regular weighing, designed to pick up children who are ‘failing to thrive’. Measuring length is not quite so easy, but height measurements are recommended from about two or three years of age in order to detect children with disorders such as growth-hormone de?ciency, malabsorption (e.g. COELIAC DISEASE) and psychosocial dwar?sm (see below).

All babies have their head circumference measured at birth, and again at the eight-week check. A too rapidly growing head implies that the infant might have HYDROCEPHALUS – excess ?uid in the hollow spaces within the brain. A too slowly growing head may mean failure of brain growth, which may go hand in hand with physically or intellectually delayed development.

At about eight months, babies receive a surveillance examination, usually by a health visitor. Parents are asked if they have any concerns about their child’s hearing, vision or physical ability. The examiner conducts a screening test for hearing impairment – the so-called distraction test; he or she stands behind the infant, who is on the mother’s lap, and activates a standardised sound at a set distance from each ear, noting whether or not the child turns his or her head or eyes towards the sound. If the child shows no reaction, the test is repeated a few weeks later; if still negative then referral is made to an audiologist for more formal testing.

The doctor or health visitor will also go through the child’s developmental progress (see above) noting any signi?cant deviation from normal which merits more detailed examination. Doctors are also recommended to examine infants developmentally at some time between 18 and 24 months. At this time they will be looking particularly for late walking or failure to develop appropriate language skills.... child health

Dtap/ipv

(dTaP/IPV) a booster vaccine given to children between 3 years 4 months and 5 years of age. It tops up protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), and polio.... dtap/ipv

Hib Vaccine

a vaccine that gives protection against the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Before the introduction of the vaccine in the UK in 1992, Hib was the commonest cause of meningitis in children under the age of 2 years. The vaccine, which has an excellent safety record, is currently given with the primary vaccines at 2, 3, and 4 months of age and as a booster at 12 months of age to extend protection against Hib meningitis. See immunization.... hib vaccine

12–13 Months

Hib/MenC, MMR, pneumococcal vaccine, MenB booster... 12–13 months

Meningitis B Vaccine

(MenB) a vaccine that provides protection against the B strain of the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus), which accounts for more than 90% of meningococcal infections in young children. The MenB vaccine is offered to all babies with their primary *immunizations at 2 and 4 months of age and as a booster at 12 months. See meningitis.... meningitis b vaccine

Td/ipv

a booster vaccine given to children aged 14 years to top up immunity against tetanus, diphtheria, and polio. See immunization.... td/ipv

Cranberry Tea

High in antioxidants and vitamins, cranberries are one of nature’s super foods, helping to fight free radicals and lead a healthier life. Discover how a cup of Cranberry tea can make your life better. About Cranberry Tea The cranberry plant is a small evergreen shrub and trailing vine, which grows in many regions from around the world, mostly in mountain forests. It has slender, wiry stems and evergreen leaves. The cranberry bush produces pink or purple flowers in the spring and bright red berries in the fall. It is edible, with an acidic taste that can overwhelm its sweetness. Cranberries are normally considered too sharp to be eaten plain and raw, as they are not only sour but bitter as well. Cranberries are commonly found in juice drinks, compote or jelly, in baking or even cranberry wine. Raw cranberries have moderate levels of vitamin C, E, K, dietary fiber and the essential dietary mineral, manganese, as well as a balanced profile of other essential micronutrients. Cranberry tea has a tasty flavor and can be drunk in many forms and combinations. Brew Cranberry Tea Only the fruits are suitable for Cranberry tea. There are many ways to prepare a tasty tea. For example, you can combine the powdered cranberry fruit with sugar-free teas like green tea and rooibos tea, or with herbal infusions like cinnamon tea. Cranberry tea bags are also widely available for ready infusion in hot or near-boiling water. There are also a lot of ways and mixtures to prepare tasty ice cranberry tea. Cranberry Tea  Benefits Cranberry tea has amazing benefits for your health. Cranberry tea is an immunity booster and an overall tonic due to the antioxidants contained. Cranberry tea is used to prevent and slow the progression of the gum disease or gingivitis. Regular intake of the tea in combination of a healthy diet can result in weight loss and a healthier overall body. Cranberry tea helps detoxify and protect the kidneys. It can be used to treat and prevent urinary tract infection. Cranberry tea may have beneficial effects in fighting eye problems. Cranberry Tea Side Effects The good news is that there are no side effects associated to cranberry tea. You can include cranberry tea in your daily routine with no fear what so ever and you can enjoy its many benefits.... cranberry tea

Ephedra Tea - The Energy Tea

With a reputation of an energy tea, Ephedra tea was taken by athletes and it is the subject of many controversies. Learn more about other benefits of this kind of tea. About Ephedra tea Ephedra, also known as Ma huang in Chinese, has been used in Chinese traditional medicine for centuries to treat cold related conditions. Botanically called Ephedra sinica, this is an evergreen shrub native to Asia. The plant’s leaves and stems are harvested, dried and then sold as teas, tinctures, extracts or tablets. The stems of ephedra have pungent and bitter taste and also diaphoretic, diuretic, pectoral, vasoconstrictive and vasodilative properties. The main chemical constituents in ephedra are ephedrine and pseudoephedrine which work by stimulating the nervous system, dilating bronchial tubes, elevating blood pressure, and increasing heart rate. Due to these effects, ephedra became a favorite for athletes as it is believed that the herb enhances athletic performance. Several incidences of adverse effects and even death that may have been caused by excessive consumption of ephedra and ephedra supplements led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to ban the sale of ephedra supplements in the United States in 2004. Currently, ephedra is still a subject of debate, especially when it comes to athletes in international competitions and anti-doping testes. However, don’t avoid Ephedra tea as it has important benefits as well. Ephedra tea preparation Ephedra tea can be made by placing about 10 grams of ephedra herb in 2 cups of water and let it boil for 10 minutes. Filter out the herbs before drinking the Ephedra tea. Ephedra tea benefits Here are several health benefits attributed to Ephedra tea. Ephedra Tea may alleviate respiratory ailments such asthma, colds, coughs and hay fever, as well as various allergic symptoms. Ephedra Tea may help expel exterior pathogens and regulate the proper functioning of the lungs. Ephedra Tea, taken in a regulated and supervised manner, may be effective for short-term weight loss, often associated with caffeine. Taken in a regulated and supervised manner, it stimulates the central nervous system may help boost energy and enhance alertness. Ephedra tea side effects Excessive use of Ephedra tea can cause dizziness, irregular heartbeat, seizures, strokes and even death. This tea is not recommended during pregnancy, breastfeeding and to persons with high blood pressure or heart disease. Ephedra tea should not be used as an energy booster, sports or diet aid or in combination with any stimulant such as caffeine as it may lead to unwanted side effects. In spite of these side effects, you can occasionally drink a cup of Ephedra tea, but first ask your current practitioner and pay attention to overdose.... ephedra tea - the energy tea

Guarana Tea

Guarana tea has been recognized by generations of people from the Amazon as being an energy booster and a strong helper for those with cognitive problems. Guarana is a climbing plant that grows in the Amazon and in the tropical forests of Brazil. Its seeds are mostly used as a caffeine substitute in energy drinks. The constituents of guarana plant are caffeine (guarana tea contains 2.5 times the amount of caffeine than coffee) and traces of theophylline and thebromine (commonly used as stimulants). How To Make Guarana Tea You can make guarana tea by boiling 2 grams of crushed guarana seeds in 250 ml of water. Let it boil for about 10 minutes then wait for it to cool down a little bit. Then, by using a trainer to catch the guarana seeds, pour the tea into your cup. Optionally, sweeten it with sugar or honey. Guarana Tea Benefits
  • Guarana tea may be effective in treating headaches, but only as a short-term treatment, according to the University of Colorado Denver College of Pharmacy.
  • Enhances memory, alertness and other cognitive capacities.
  • Boosts energy and alleviates depression.
  • Treats chronic diarrhea.
Guarana Tea Side Effects The side effects of guarana tea are associated with over consumption. If you drink too much guarana tea you may experience the same side effects that you can have when drinking too much coffee, such as:
  • Anxiety
  • Trembling
  • Hyperactivity
  • Frequent urination
  • Palpitation
Needless to say, pregnant and breastfeeding woman should not drink guarana tea! All in all, do not drink more than 3 cups of guarana tea per day! This way your body gets the exact amount of caffeine that it needs and you can be sure you would not experience its side effects!... guarana tea

Helichrysum Tea

Helichrysum tea is known for its diuretic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. Considered one of the oldest healing substances in Europe Helichrysum is native to Africa, Madagascar and Eurasia. The plants can be annuals, herbaceous perennials or shrubs that can grow up to 60-90 cm. Helichrysum flower can be distinguished by its fringed margin and its resemblance with daisies. The constituents of the Helichrysum flowers include flavonoids, kaempferol flucosides, apigenin, luetolin, quercetin and essential oils. How To Make Helichrysum Tea In order to obtain Helichrysum`s light fruity flavor, start by infusing a handful of dried Helichrysum flowers in a kettle of boiled water. Let the mix steep for about 7 minutes and enjoy! Also, Helichrysum can be used as a flavoring agent for other herbal teas. Basically, soak the Helichrysum flowers as the other herbal tea steeps. Helichrysum Tea Benefits
  • Improves digestion.
  • Alleviates gastrointestinal spasms.
  • Prevents atherosclerotic plaques.
  • Helps in the treatment of rheumatism.
  • Helps fight cystitis.
  • Energy booster.
  • Calms menstrual cramps.
Helichrysum Tea Side Effects
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid drinking Helichrysum tea.
  • Helichrysum tea may interact with the effects of certain medications or supplements, so make sure you always consult your doctor before drinking Helichrysum tea or any herbal teas.
As you can see, Helichrysum tea has more benefits than side effects. Just avoid over-consumption and enjoy its wonderful health benefits!... helichrysum tea

Immune System

See IMMUNITY.

Age Disease and mode of administration

3 days BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) by injection if tuberculosis in family in past 6 months.

2 months Poliomyelitis (oral); adsorbed diphtheria, whooping-cough (pertussis)1 and tetanus2 (triple vaccine given by injection); HiB injection.3

3 months Poliomyelitis (oral); diphtheria, whooping-cough (pertussis)1 and tetanus2 (triple vaccine given by injection); HiB injection.3

4 months Poliomyelitis (oral); diphtheria, whooping-cough (pertussis)1 and tetanus2 (triple vaccine given by injection); HiB injection.3

12–18 months Measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles)4 (given together live by injection).

(SCHOOL ENTRY)

4–5 years Poliomyelitis (oral); adsorbed diphtheria and tetanus (given together by injection); give MMR vaccine if not already given at 12–18 months.

10–14 females Rubella (by injection) if they have missed MMR.

10–14 BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin) by injection to tuberculin-negative children to prevent tuberculosis.

15–18 Poliomyelitis single booster dose (oral); tetanus (by injection).

1 Pertussis may be excluded in certain susceptible individuals.

2 Known as DPT or triple vaccine.

3 Haemophilus in?uenzae immunisation (type B) is being introduced to be given at same time, but di?erent limb.

4 Known as MMR vaccine. (Some parents are asking to have their infants immunised with single-constituent vaccines because of controversy over possible side-effects – yet to be con?rmed scienti?cally – of the combined MMR vaccine.)

Recommended immunisation schedules in the United Kingdom... immune system

Lemon Balm Tea

Lemon Balm Tea has been known for many years as being very effective in treating disorders of the central nervous system. Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis) is a perennial herb in the mint family Lamiaceae, native to Southern Europe and the Mediterranean region. The constituents of lemon balm tea are basically flavonoids and polyphenolics, but there are also many other compounds responsible for the herb`s anti-herpes and thyroid-regulating actions. How To Make Lemon Balm Tea To make Lemon Balm Tea, place 1 teaspoon of dried lemon balm leaves into one cup of boiled water. If you are using fresh leaves, make sure you first wash them to remove dirt and debris. Let the mix steep for about 8-10 minutes depending on how strong you want the flavor to be. Lemon Balm Tea can also be combined with other medicinal plants. For example:
  • Peppermint with lemon balm - to calm stomach ache.
  • Valerian and lemon balm - for insomnia and nerve pain.
  • Bugleweed and lemon balm - for Graves disease.
Lemon Balm Tea Benefits
  • Helps fighting insomnia and sleeping difficulties.
  • Treats nerve pain.
  • Strengthens memory and other brain functions.
  • Mood booster.
  • Alleviates disorders of the digestive tract and gas problems.
  • Helps you concentrate.
  • Used in Europe for treating thyroid and chronic fatigue syndrome.
Lemon Balm Tea Side Effects
  • Over consumption may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or even dizziness.
  • It’s not safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women to drink Lemon Balm Tea.
  • Lemon Balm Tea may interact with the effects of some medications, especially the ones that are given to you during or after a surgery. That is why you should taking lemon balm at least 2 weeks before a scheduled surgery!
In conclusion, Lemon Balm Tea can be a very effective natural remedy for many disorders. Just remember not to drink too much lemon balm tea in order not to experience its side effects!... lemon balm tea

Orange Spice Tea: A Mixture For Health

Orange Spice Tea is a complex, full-flavored type of black tea, kindly recommended to beginner consumers of tea blends. It is a largely-appreciated tea, having an old acknowledged tradition, its first production being placed in the 19th century. Orange Spice Tea description. Orange Spice Tea is another variety of black tea mixed with orange zest or dried peel, together with a combination of spices, such as: cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg and allspice. It has been noticed that any number of spice combination is possible. Orange Spice Tea is usually caffeine-free, being thus, a good tea to consume at any time of the day or even night.  It can be drunk hot or as an iced tea beverage, with or without adding milk or honey. Orange Spice Tea is recommended to be one of the best choices for those not yet accustomed to gourmet tea blends. It is typically available as loose leaves or as bag forms and is often found in gourmet tea shops, health stores or on grocery shelves. Orange Spice Tea recipe The abovementioned tea has a delicate taste and is also a good ingredient to be included in the daily diet, due to its healthy properties. It can be consumed both as beverage, or can be added to different cookies recipes. To brew Orange Spice Tea:
  • Fill a teapot with about 16 ounces of water
  • Boil the water
  • Place about two tablespoons of the leaves in a teapot
  • Take the pot out of the water
  • Let the mix stand for about 5 to 7 minutes
  • Strain and drink it slowly
To include Orange Spice Tea in sweets recipes, grind the tea leaves and mix them with the dough, together with the ingredients. Orange Spice Tea benefits Orange Spice Tea gathers the benefits of black tea, citrus and spices:
  • strengthens the immune system
  • helps lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases
  • helps in the prevention of certain cancers
  • contributes to preventing colds, cough and flu
  • helps in calming and relaxing the senses
  • stimulates blood circulation
  • increases concentration and memory levels
  • warms the body (especially during winter)
Orange Spice Tea side effects Rarely,Orange Spice Teaconsumers experienced stomach aches or the syndrome of upset stomach. Patients suffering from gastritis are advised to intake a low quantity of Orange Spice Tea. Orange Spice Tea clusters the benefits and taste of black tea, citron and a large array of spices. It is intensely consumed by connoisseurs and novices, especially due to its health contributions and proven energy booster actions.... orange spice tea: a mixture for health

Olive Leaf Tea

If you want to drink a special type of tea, try Olive Leaf Tea! It has an aromatic flavor, similar to green tea, but a bit sweeter, which makes for a pleasant cup of tea. Also, it has many benefits which help you stay healthy. Read to find out more! About Olive Leaf Tea Olive leaf tea is made from the leaves of the olive tree. We can find these trees on the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin (including areas from Europe, Asia and Africa), as well as in northern Iran and northern Iraq. The leaves of the olive tree have a silvery green color. They are oblong, measuring 4-10cm long and 1-3 cm wide. The olive leaves are well-known for their many health benefits. Also, olive leaf extract is used for various soaps and skin creams. How to make Olive Leaf Tea Olive leaf teacan be bought either in loose leaf form or in tea bag form. In both cases, it is quite easy to prepare a cup of olive leaf tea. A teaspoon of olive leaves, or a teabag, is enough for one cup of olive leaf tea. Pour boiling water in the cup and let it steep for about 15 minutes. Once the steeping time is done, either remove the teabag or strain to remove the olive leaves. Also, if you’ve got olive trees around, you can make your own olive leaf tea. First, pick the healthy-looking leaves from the tree. Wash the leaves carefully; then, dry them in the oven, at a temperature below 65°C or 150°F. You can air-dry the leaves, too, but don’t leave them in direct sunlight, as that might reduce their health benefits. Once the leaves are dry, crush the leaves by hand, remove the stalks and store the dried herbs in paper packets. For a cup of olive leaf tea, just follow the simple steps mentioned above. Components of Olive Leaf Tea Olive leaves have many components which are good for our body. Seeing as the leaves are the main ingredient for the tea, the components are also transferred to the olive leaf tea.Some of the important ones include various antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Olive leaves, as well as olive leaf tea, also have Vitamin C. Olive leaf tea doesn’t contain caffeine, so you don’t have to worry about getting any side effects caused by caffeine. Olive Leaf Tea Benefits Considering its many components, it’s not a lie when we say that a cup of olive leaf tea brings you many health benefits. First of all, olive leaf tea helps lower both LDL “bad” cholesterol levels and blood pressure. It also increases the blood flow by relaxing the arteries. Because of this, olive leaf tea is considered an important heart tonic. Olive leaf tea can also help you if you’ve got diabetes, as it lowers the blood sugar levels. Drinking olive leaf tea during winter can help you strengthen your immune system, and also fight against colds and the flu. It helps you relax, and it can count as an energy booster if you drink a lot of olive leaf tea. Olive leaf tea may also help you prevent the appearance of cancer or tumors. Plus, it is used in the treatment for viral infections, such as the Epstein-Barr disease, herpes, shingles, and malaria. It is also useful in healing inflammations of the bladder, as well as alienating arthritic pain and swelling. Olive Leaf Tea side effects If you know you’ve got a low blood pressure, don’t drink too much olive leaf tea. It will lower your blood pressure even more, and that might make you feel dizzy. In this case, be careful with the amount of olive leaf tea you drink. Some people might experience Herxheimers reaction when drinking olive leaf tea. Herxheimers reaction is an immune response to the release of toxins from pathogens which have been destroyed. It is a normal and good reaction, as that means the olive leaf tea is doing you good. The symptoms include    headaches, muscle and joint pain, fever, nausea, sore throat, and vaginal irritation. Reduce the amount of tea you drink, and also drink a large quantity of water daily to help the body eliminate the toxins. With this, the symptoms should disappear after a few days. Be careful if you’re taking any other medication. Olive leaf tea might interfere with the usual actions of the medication you’re taking. Before including olive leaf tea in your daily diet, make sure you talk to your doctor. If you’re pregnant or breast feeding, it is best to avoid drinking olive leaf tea. While it is not sure how harmful it can be in this case, it is best not to take a risk, in case it might cause miscarriages or affect the baby. Also, don›t drink more than six cups of olive leaf tea a day. It will lead to more side effects rather than to help you stay healthy. If you drink too much tea, the symptoms you might get are the following: headaches, dizziness, insomnia, irregular heartbeats, vomiting, diarrhea and loss of appetite. Make sure to reduce the amount of olive leaf tea you drink, if you get any of these. Not only does olive leaf tea have a pleasant taste, but one cup brings many health benefits with it. As long as you make sure you won’t get any side effects from consumption of olive leaf tea, you can easily include it in your daily diet. You definitely won’t regret it!... olive leaf tea

Beta-carotene

Precursor of Vitamin A. Increases resistance against infection. Antioxidant. Together with Vitamins C and E form a vital line of defence in protection of strands of DNA, the genetic code, from cancerous mutation. Immune booster. Increases lymphocytes and T cells, part of the defence system.

Deficiency. Sun sensitivity; exposure inducing itching, burning and swelling of the skin. Kidney, bladder, and gut infections. Severe earache in young children. Strokes, heart attacks.

It is claimed that those who eat a diet rich in beta-carotene are less likely to develop certain types of cancer.

Smokers usually have low levels of beta-carotene in the blood. Statistics suggest that people who eat a lot of beta-carotene foods are less likely to develop lung, mouth or stomach cancer. In existing cases a slow-down of the disease is possible.

Daily dose. Up to 300mg. Excess may manifest as yellow discoloration of the skin, giving appearance of sun-tan.

Sources. Mature ripe carrots of good colour. A Finland study suggests that four small carrots contain sufficient beta-carotene to satisfy the recommended daily amount of Vitamin A. Orange and dark green fruits and vegetables. Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, apricots, peaches, oranges, tomatoes. Harvard Medical School study. Among 333 subjects with a history of heart disease, those who received beta-carotene supplements of 50 milligrams every other day suffered half as many heart attacks as those taking placebos. (Dr Charles Hennekens, Harvard Medical School) ... beta-carotene

Flesh-eating Disease

Necrotising fasciitis, in which flesh and muscle are destroyed at a rate of inches an hour. Can spring from a range of streptococcal bacteria of which there are over 80 sub-types.

It seems that this common bacteria, in some unknown way, receives a booster by taking on viral DNA. Lungs, liver and stomach may be attacked, while red blood cells are disrupted and their haemoglobin released. Among other conditions caused by streptococcus is the bright red rash of scarlet fever, sinusitis, meningitis and rheumatic fever. Flesh-eater disease may take just twenty hours to kill a man (“galloping gangrene”).

Symptoms. High temperature – body hot, hands and feet freezing cold. ‘Strep’ sore throat (pharyngitis). Bright red skin rash. Pains in arms and legs as if straining a muscle.

Treatment. The disease is resistant to penicillin. Frequent hot lemon drinks well-laced with honey. Tinctures. Echinacea 2; Goldenseal 1; Myrrh half. Dose: 10-20 drops in dessertspoon water or honey, hourly, acute cases.

Treatment by or in liaison with medical practitioner or infectious diseases specialist. ... flesh-eating disease

Dpt Vaccination

Also known as triple vaccine, an injection that provides immunity against diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus; The vaccine causes the body to produce antibodies against these infections. It is given as a course of 3 injections at 2, 3, and 4 months, followed by a preschool booster dose. Before leaving school, a further diphtheria and tetanus booster is given. The vaccine does not provide complete immunity to diphtheria or pertussis but reduces risk of serious illness.

Protection against pertussis and tetanus gradually wanes. In adults, pertussis is mild but can be transmitted to children. Since tetanus is serious at any age, boosters are recommended at the time of any dirty, penetrating injury if there has not been a vaccination in the past 10 years.

Reactions to the diphtheria and tetanus parts of the vaccine are rare.

The pertussis vaccine often causes slight fever and irritability for a day or so.

More serious reactions are extremely rare and include seizures and an allergic reaction, which may lead to sudden breathing difficulty and shock.

Permanent damage from the vaccine is even rarer.

Doctors are now agreed that for most children, the benefits of outweigh the minimal risk from the vaccine.

The pertussis element of the vaccine should not be given to children who have reacted severely to a preceding dose of the vaccine, or who have a progressing brain abnormality.... dpt vaccination

Measles

A potentially dangerous viral illness that causes fever and a characteristic rash. Measles mainly affects children, but can occur at any age. The virus is spread primarily by airborne droplets of nasal secretions. It can be transmitted during the incubation period (8–14 days after infection) and up to 7 days after symptoms appear.The illness starts with a fever, runny nose, sore eyes, cough, and a general feeling of being unwell. After 3–4 days, a red rash appears, usually starting on the head and neck and spreading to cover the body. The spots sometimes join to produce large red blotches, and the lymph nodes may be enlarged. After 3 days, the rash starts to fade and the symptoms subside.

The most common complications are ear and chest infections, which usually occur 2–3 days after the rash appears. Diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal pain also occur. Febrile convulsions (see convulsion, febrile) are also common, but these are not usually serious. Encephalitis occurs in about 1 in 1000 cases, causing headache, drowsiness, and vomiting. Seizures and coma may follow, sometimes leading to brain damage or even death. In very rare cases, a progressive brain disorder known as subacute sclerosing panencephalitis develops years later. If measles occurs during pregnancy, the fetus dies in about a fifth of cases. However, there is no evidence that measles causes birth defects. There is no specific treatment for measles. Plenty of fluids and paracetamol are given for fever, and antibiotic drugs may be given to treat bacterial infections that occur as complications.

To help prevent measles, immunization with the MMR vaccination is recommended at 12–15 months of age.

This produces immunity in about 90 per cent of cases, with a booster shot given before school or nursery school entry.... measles

Vaccine

The name applied generally to dead or attenuated living infectious material introduced into the body, with the object of increasing its power to resist or to get rid of a disease. (See also IMMUNITY.)

Healthy people are inoculated with vaccine as a protection against a particular disease; this produces ANTIBODIES which will confer immunity against a subsequent attack of the disease. (See IMMUNISATION for programme of immunisation during childhood.)

Vaccines may be divided into two classes: stock vaccines, prepared from micro-organisms known to cause a particular disease and kept in readiness for use against that disease; and autogenous vaccines, prepared from microorganisms which are already in the patient’s body and to which the disease is due. Vaccines intended to protect against the onset of disease are of the former variety.

Autogenous vaccines are prepared by cultivating bacteria found in SPUTUM, URINE and FAECES, and in areas of in?ammation such as BOILS (FURUNCULOSIS). This type of vaccine was introduced by Wright about 1903.

Anthrax vaccine was introduced in 1882 for the protection of sheep and cattle against this disease. A safe and e?ective vaccine for use in human beings has now been evolved. (See ANTHRAX.)

BCG vaccine is used to provide protection against TUBERCULOSIS. (See also separate entry on BCG VACCINE.)

Cholera vaccine was introduced in India about 1894. Two injections are given at an interval of at least a week; this gives a varying degree of immunity for six months. (See CHOLERA.)

Diphtheria vaccine is available in several forms. It is usually given along with tetanus and pertussis vaccine (see below) in what is known as TRIPLE VACCINE. This is given in three doses: the ?rst at the age of two months; the second at three months; and the third at four months, with a booster dose at the age of ?ve years. (See DIPHTHERIA.)

Hay fever vaccine is a vaccine prepared from the pollen of various grasses. It is used in gradually increasing doses for prevention of HAY FEVER in those susceptible to this condition.

In?uenza vaccine A vaccine is now available for protection against INFLUENZA due to the in?uenza viruses A and B. Its use in Britain is customarily based on advice from the health departments according to the type of in?uenza expected in a particular year.

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines are given in combination early in the second year of life. A booster dose may prove necessary, as there is some interference between this vaccine and the most recent form of pertussis vaccine (see below) o?ered to children. Uptake has declined a little because of media reports suggesting a link with AUTISM – for which no reliable medical evidence (and much to the contrary) has been found by investigating epidemiologists. (See also separate entry for each disease, and for MMR VACCINE.)

Pertussis (whooping-cough) vaccine is prepared from Bordetella pertussis, and is usually given along with diphtheria and tetanus in what is known as triple vaccine. (See also WHOOPING-COUGH.)

Plague vaccine was introduced by Ha?kine, and appears to give useful protection, but the duration of protection is relatively short: from two to 20 months. Two injections are given at an interval of four weeks. A reinforcing dose should be given annually to anyone exposed to PLAGUE.

Poliomyelitis vaccine gives a high degree of protection against the disease. This is given in the form of attenuated Sabin vaccine which is taken by mouth – a few drops on a lump of sugar. Reinforcing doses of polio vaccine are recommended on school entry, on leaving school, and on travel abroad to countries where POLIOMYELITIS is ENDEMIC.

Rabies vaccine was introduced by Pasteur in 1885 for administration, during the long incubation period, to people bitten by a mad dog, in order to prevent the disease from developing. (See RABIES.)

Rubella vaccine, usually given with mumps and measles vaccine in one dose – called MMR VACCINE, see also above – now provides protection against RUBELLA (German measles). It also provides immunity for adolescent girls who have not had the disease in childhood and so ensures that they will not acquire the disease during any subsequent pregnancy – thus reducing the number of congenitally abnormal children whose abnormality is the result of their being infected with rubella via their mothers before they were born.

Smallpox vaccine was the ?rst introduced. As a result of the World Health Organisation’s successful smallpox eradication campaign – it declared the disease eradicated in 1980 – there is now no medical justi?cation for smallpox vaccination. Recently, however, there has been increased interest in the subject because of the potential threat from bioterrorism. (See also VACCINATION.)

Tetanus vaccine is given in two forms: (1) In the so-called triple vaccine, combined with diphtheria and pertussis (whooping-cough) vaccine for the routine immunisation of children (see above). (2) By itself to adults who have not been immunised in childhood and who are particularly exposed to the risk of TETANUS, such as soldiers and agricultural workers.

Typhoid vaccine was introduced by Wright and Semple for the protection of troops in the South African War and in India. TAB vaccine, containing Salmonella typhi (the causative organism of typhoid fever – see ENTERIC FEVER) and Salmonella paratyphi A and B (the organisms of paratyphoid fever – see ENTERIC FEVER) has now been replaced by typhoid monovalent vaccine, containing only S. typhi. The change has been made because the monovalent vaccine is less likely to produce painful arms and general malaise, and there is no evidence that the TAB vaccine gave any protection against paratyphoid fever. Two doses are given at an interval of 4–6 weeks, and give protection for 1–3 years.... vaccine

Wheatgrass Tea And Its Great Benefits

The Wheatgrass Tea has gained its popularity recently. Until now, its benefits were not acknowledged by the herbalists or by any other health researchers. However, recent studies have shown that Wheatgrass Tea is the king of alkaline teas, containing many substances that could easily be considered super ingredients. The wheatgrass is the young wheat plant, also known as triticum aestivum. The main use of this plant consists of turning it into a paste that can be added as a nutrient or as a spice in various recipes. However, the Wheatgrass Tea has also been used as a beverage to many menus. Wheatgrass is usually grown by soaking the seeds in water until they sprout and reach the height of 2 inches. Wheatgrass has a deep green color and it’s known for its antioxidant properties. Wheatgrass Tea Properties Wheatgrass Tea fans believe that a cup of tea per day can reduce stress, improve your general health and maintain a good liver function. The active ingredients in Wheatgrass Tea are: chlorophyll, enzymes, fiber, and alkaline. Wheatgrass also contains amino acids, vitamins minerals that are able to detoxify your body, by behaving like any other energy booster you can find at the drug store. Wheatgrass Tea Benefits Aside from its general health benefits, Wheatgrass Tea also helps you improve other areas of your body, by increasing your alkaline level. Wheatgrass Tea is a great help when it comes to: - Improving your digestive system and eliminate constipation - Preventing diabetes and heart problems - Enhancing your blood flow and your circulation - Protecting and preventing your body against colon cancer and detoxifying your organism - Fighting other diseases, such as anemia and heavy metal poisoning. How to make Wheatgrass Tea Preparing Wheatgrass Tea is really easy: gently wash the Wheatgrass plants (freshly picked only) and crush them in order to obtain a green liquid. Add cold water and drink it. Don’t boil the water or the plants. You can only enjoy the benefits of this tea if the wheatgrass keeps its entire flavor. For every cup of tea you want to make, you’ll need about 2 teaspoons of wheatgrass juice. Drink the decoction when cold and immediately after preparation. Wheatgrass Tea Side Effects Wheatgrass Tea is likely safe when taken in normal dosages. However, don’t make a hobby out of drinking Wheatgrass Tea and don’t turn it into a daily habit. This herb is used for medicinal purposes only. Recent studies have shown that this tea is safe for adults, but none of them involved children’s response yet, so it’s best to avoid giving Wheatgrass Tea to your child. Wheatgrass Tea Contraindications Do not take Wheatgrass Tea if you are pregnant or breastfeeding. The possible reactions that your body could have at this treatment remain unknown. However, if you’re in one of these situations and are still determined to start a Wheatgrass Tea cure, talk to your doctor before making any move. Also, if you suffer from a serious disease and you need to take blood thinners, try to postpone taking this tea. Other than that, there’s no reason not to try Wheatgrass Tea. Some say it works, some say it doesn’t. Just add it to your list next time you’re in a teashop and you be the judge of that!... wheatgrass tea and its great benefits

Rubella

A viral infection, also known as German measles. It is serious only if it affects a nonimmune woman in the early months of pregnancy, when there is a risk that the virus will cause severe birth defects in the fetus.

The rubella virus is spread by motherto-baby transmission and in airborne droplets; it has an incubation period of 2–3 weeks. Infection usually occurs in children aged 6–12. A rash appears on the face, spreads to the trunk and limbs, then disappears after a few days. There may be slight fever and enlarged lymph nodes at the back of the neck.

The virus may be transmitted from a few days before symptoms appear until one day after they disappear. An unborn baby is at risk if the mother is infected during the first 4 months of pregnancy. The earlier the infection occurs, the more likely the infant is to be affected, and the more serious the abnormalities tend to be. The most common abnormalities are deafness, congenital heart disease, learning difficulties, cataracts, purpura, cerebral palsy, and bone abnormalities. About 1 in 5 affected babies dies in early infancy.

There is no specific treatment, apart from paracetamol for fever.

Treatment of rubella syndrome depends on the defects.

Rubella vaccine provides longlasting immunity to the disease; it is given in the MMR vaccine to babies aged 12–15 months, with a booster at school entry.

Rubella infection also provides immunity.

If a nonimmune pregnant woman comes into contact with a person who has rubella, passive immunization by immunoglobulin injection may help prevent infection of the fetus.... rubella


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