Clo Health Dictionary

  1. Health Encyclopedia
  2. Clo

Clo: From 1 Different Sources

Campylobacter-like organism: the original (now obsolete) term for *Helicobacter pylori, still widely used as the commercial name for one of the mucosal urease biopsy test kits available (CLO test).
Health Source: Oxford | Concise Colour Medical Dictionary
Author: Jonathan Law, Elizabeth Martin

Blood Clot

A blood clot arises when blood comes into contact with a foreign surface – for example, damaged blood vessels – or when tissue factors are released from damaged tissue. An initial plug of PLATELETS is converted to a de?nitive clot by the deposition of FIBRIN, which is formed by the clotting cascade and erythrocytes. (See COAGULATION.)... blood clot

Clomipramine

One of the tricyclic ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUGS.)... clomipramine

Clonazepam

A drug to treat EPILEPSY, including STATUS EPILEPTICUS, and MYOCLONUS. (See also TRANQUILLISERS.)... clonazepam

Clone

A group of cells genetically identical to each other that have arisen from one cell by asexual reproduction (see CLONING).... clone

Clonic

Smooth muscle spasms or colic that alternate rhythmically with a rest state...like birthing contraction or waves of nausea.... clonic

Clonidine

A drug used for HYPERTENSION, MIGRAINE, GILLES DE LA TOURETTE’S SYNDROME, and menopausal ?ushing. It can cause drowsiness so caution is needed when driving or using machinery.... clonidine

Clonus

A succession of intermittent muscular relaxations and contractions usually resulting from a sustained stretching stimulus. An example is the clonus stimulated in the calf muscle by maintaining sustained upward pressure on the sole of the foot. The condition is often a sign of disease in the brain or spinal cord.... clonus

Clostridium

The genus, or variety, of micro-organisms that produce spores which enable them to survive under adverse conditions. They normally grow in soil, water and decomposing plant and animal matter, where they play an important part in the process of PUTREFACTION. Among the important members of the group, or genus, are Clostridium welchii, Cl. septicum and Cl. oedematiens, the causes of gas gangrene (see GANGRENE); Cl. tetani, the cause of TETANUS; and Cl. botulinum, the cause of BOTULISM.... clostridium

Clotrimazole

A drug of the IMIDAZOLES group used to treat fungal infections of the skin and vagina.... clotrimazole

Clove

(French) Resembling the spice; a nail... clove

Cloaca

A common opening of the alimentary and reproductive systems of male nematodes, normally situated on the ventral side at the posterior end of the body.... cloaca

Cloning

Cloning – from the Greek klon, meaning a cutting such as is used to propagate plants – is essentially a form of asexual reproduction. The initial stages were ?rst successfully achieved in rabbits. In essence the technique consists of destroying the nucleus of the egg and replacing it with the nucleus from a body cell of the same species – either a male or a female. This provides the egg with a full complement of CHROMOSOMES and it starts to divide and grow just as it would if it had retained its nucleus and been fertilised with a spermatozoon. The vital di?erence is that the embryo resulting from this cloning process owes nothing genetically to the female egg. It is identical in every respect with the animal from which the introduced nucleus was obtained.

In 1997 the ?rst mammal to be cloned from the tissue of an adult animal was born. A technique that scientists have been trying to perfect for decades, the success of the Roslin Institute, near Edinburgh, in producing ‘Dolly’, a cloned sheep, has profound implications. Already some scientists are talking of cloning humans, although this has great medical, legal and ethical consequences. The key to the scientists’ success in producing Dolly was the ability to coordinate the fusion of a donor cell (from an adult) containing all its DNA with a recipient egg from which DNA had been removed. The di?culty of the technique is shown by the fact that, out of 277 fused pairs of cells where the donor cell was from adult tissue, Dolly was the only survivor and she has developed premature arthritis. Research suggests that cloning may be accompanied by a higher than normal incidence of congenital defects.

Since Dolly was born, other animal clones have been produced and American researchers have cloned the ?rst human embryo – which grew to six cells – with the aim of providing stem cells for therapeutic use. As a result the UK government passed emergency legislation to outlaw human cloning for reproductive purposes.... cloning

Clotting Time

See COAGULATION.... clotting time

Clover

(English) Resembling the meadow flower Claefer... clover

Cloves

Eugenia caryophyllata. N.O. Myrtaceae.

Synonym: Clavos.

Habitat: Indigenous to the Molucca Island, cultivated in Zanzibar, Madagascar, Java, Penang.

Features ? Flower buds brown ; nail-shaped, calyx tube encloses ovary containing tiny ovules; four calyx teeth surrounded by unopened corolla consisting of four petals.

Part used ? Flower buds.

Action: Stimulant, aromatic, carminative.

Combined with more specific remedies in flatulence and other affections of the alimentary tract. Is an excellent carminative to reduce griping action of purgatives. Dose, 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls of the infusion.

Coffin holds that Cloves are the most powerful of all the carminatives.... cloves

Clozapine

An antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenic patients (see SCHIZOPHRENIA) who have not responded to other treatments or who have suffered serious side-effects from them. Improvement is gradual and it may be several weeks before severe symptoms are relieved. The drug can cause AGRANULOCYTOSIS and so it is given under close hospital supervision.... clozapine

Clomifene

A drug used to treat female infertility caused by failure to ovulate. Minor side effects may include hot flushes, nausea, headache, breast tenderness, and blurred vision. Occasionally, ovarian cysts develop, but these shrink when the dose is reduced. Use of the drug may result in multiple births.... clomifene

Blood Clotting

The process of blood solidification. Clotting is important in stemming bleeding from damaged blood vessels. However, unwanted blood clotting can occur inside major blood vessels and cause a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or stroke (see thrombosis).

When a blood vessel is damaged, it constricts immediately to reduce blood flow to the area. The damage sets off a series of chemical reactions that lead to the formation of a clot to seal the injury. First, platelets around the injury site are activated, becoming sticky and adhering to the blood-vessel wall. Then, the activated platelets release chemicals, which, in turn, activate blood clotting factors. These factors, together with vitamin K, act on fibrinogen and convert it to fibrin. Strands of fibrin form a meshwork, which traps red blood cells to form a clot.

There are several anticlotting mechanisms to prevent the formation of unwanted clots. These include prostacyclin (a prostaglandin), which prevents platelet aggregation, and plasmin, which breaks down fibrin (see fibrinolysis). Blood flow washes away active coagulation factors; and the liver deactivates excess coagulation factors.

Defects in blood clotting may result in bleeding disorders.

Excessive clotting (thrombosis) may be due to an inherited increase or defect in a coagulation factor (see factor V), the use of oral contraceptives, a decrease in the level of enzymes that inhibit coagulation, or sluggish blood flow through a particular area.

Treatment is usually with anticoagulant drugs such as heparin or warfarin.... blood clotting

Clodovea

(Spanish) Feminine form of Clodoveo; a renowned warrior Clodovia, Clodovya, Clodoviya... clodovea

Clofazimine

A drug used in the treatment of LEPROSY.... clofazimine

Clofibrate

See HYPERLIPIDAEMIA.... clofibrate

Clomiphene

An anti-oestrogen drug that stimulates ovulation, or the production of ova, through the medium of the PITUITARY GLAND. When used in the treatment of female infertility, one of its hazards is that, if given in too-big doses, it may produce multiple births.... clomiphene

Cloreen

(American) Filled with happiness Cloreene, Clorien, Cloriene, Clorein, Cloreine, Clorean, Cloreane, Cloryn, Cloryne, Cloreena, Cloriena, Cloreina, Cloreana, Cloryna... cloreen

Cloris

(Greek) A flourishing woman; in mythology, the goddess of flowers Clores, Clorys, Cloriss, Clorisse, Cloryss, Clorysse... cloris

Clormethiazole

A useful hypnotic, particularly for elderly patients, because of its freedom from hangover e?ect. It is especially bene?cial in the acute withdrawal symptoms of alcoholism and is used to treat STATUS EPILEPTICUS. The drug’s sedative effects are an adjunct to regional anaesthesia and may also be of help in ECLAMPSIA. Dependence may occur occasionally and therefore the length of period for which the drug is used should be limited. Side-effects include sneezing, conjunctival irritation and occasional headache.... clormethiazole

Clory

(Spanish) One who smiles often Clorey, Clori, Clorie, Cloree, Clorea, Cloreah... clory

Closetta

(Spanish) A secretive woman Closett, Closet, Closete, Closeta, Closette... closetta

Clot

The term applied to any semi-solid mass of blood, lymph or other body ?uid. Clotting in the blood is due to the formation of strings of FIBRIN produced by the action of a ferment. Milk clots in a similar manner in the stomach when exposed to the action of the enzyme rennin. Clotting occurs naturally when blood is shed and comes into contact with tissues outside the blood vessels. It occurs also at times in diseased vessels (THROMBOSIS), producing serious effects upon the tissues supplied or drained by these vessels. Clots sometimes form in the heart when the circulation is failing. (See COAGULATION; EMBOLISM.)... clot

Cloth Of Gold

Understand Animal Languages... cloth of gold

Clotho

(Greek) In mythology, one of the three Fates... clotho

Clotilde

(German) A woman famous in battle

Clotild, Clotilda... clotilde

Cloud

(American) A lighthearted woman Cloude, Cloudy, Cloudey, Cloudee, Cloudea, Cloudeah, Cloudi, Cloudie... cloud

Red Clover

Trifolium pratense. N.O. Leguminosae.

Synonym: Purple Clover, Trefoil.

Habitat: Fields and roadsides.

Features ? This is the common clover of the field, long cultivated by the farmer, and is found growing to a height of one foot or more. The leaves, composed of three leaflets, grow on alternate sides of the stem. The leaflets themselves are broad, oval, pointed, and frequently show a white spot. The stem is hairy and erect, and the red (or, perhaps, purplish-pink) flower-heads (the part of the plant employed in herbal practice) are formed by a large number of separate blossoms at the end of a flower stalk. Both taste and odour are agreeable.

Action: Alterative and sedative.

The infusion (1 ounce to 1 pint of boiling water, which may be drunk freely) makes a reliable medicine for bronchial and spasmodic coughs. The alterative character is best brought out in combination with such agents as Burdock and Blue Flag.

Fernic writes of Red Clover ? "The likelihood is that whatever virtue the Red

Clover can boast for counteracting a scrofulous disposition, and as antidotal to cancer, resides in its highly-elaborated lime, silica, and other earthy salts."... red clover

Biological Clock

A popular term for the inherent timing mechanism that supposedly controls physiological processes and cycles in living organisms. (See also biorhythms.)... biological clock

Blood-clotting Tests

Tests to screen for and diagnose bleeding disorders, usually resulting from deficiencies or abnormalities of blood coagulation factors or of platelets (see blood clotting). Tests are also used to monitor treatment with anticoagulant drugs.... blood-clotting tests

Clofibrate

A lipid-lowering drug that reduces levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and is a treatment for some types of hyperlipidaemia.... clofibrate

Clove Oil

An oil distilled from the dried flower-buds of EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS, used mainly as a flavouring in pharmaceuticals.

Clove oil is sometimes used to relieve abdominal pain due to flatulence and as a remedy for toothache.... clove oil

Cloxacillin

A penicillin-type antibiotic used to treat infections with staphylococcal bacteria (see penicillin drugs).... cloxacillin

Clomethiazole

(chlormethiazole) n. a hypnotic and sedative drug used to treat severe insomnia, agitation, and restlessness in the elderly, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. The most common side-effects are tingling sensations in the nose and sneezing.... clomethiazole

Clonogenic

adj. describing a cell capable of producing a colony of cells of a predetermined minimum size. Such a cell is known as a colony forming unit (CFU).... clonogenic

Clonorchiasis

n. a condition caused by the presence of the fluke Clonorchis sinensis in the bile ducts. The infection, common in the Far East, is acquired through eating undercooked, salted, or pickled freshwater fish harbouring the larval stage of the parasite. Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, liver enlargement, loss of appetite, emaciation and – in advanced cases – cirrhosis and jaundice. Treatment is unsatisfactory although *praziquantel has proved beneficial in some cases.... clonorchiasis

Clonorchis

n. a genus of liver flukes, common parasites of humans and other fish-eating mammals in the Far East. The adults of C. sinensis cause clonorchiasis. Eggs are passed out in the stools and the larvae undergo their development in two other hosts, a snail and a fish.... clonorchis

Clopidogrel

n. an *antiplatelet drug given to prevent strokes or heart attacks in those at risk. Side-effects may include gastrointestinal bleeding.... clopidogrel

Clotting Factors

see coagulation factors.... clotting factors

Gene Clone

see clone.... gene clone

Health encyclopedia icon Health Encyclopedia

Recent Searches