n. X-ray examination of the urinary bladder after filling it with a contrast medium. The X-ray images thus obtained are known as cystograms. Cystography is most commonly performed to detect reflux of urine from the bladder to the ureters, usually in children (see vesicoureteric reflux). In adults it is often performed to detect bladder injury or perforation. If films are taken during voiding (micturating cystourethrogram) then the urethra can also be observed (see urethrography). The examination can also be performed in conjunction with manometry (see bladder pressure study).
n. an X-ray of the urinary tract or any part of it. It is usually obtained after the intravenous injection of a radiopaque substance, as in *intravenous urography, but the contrast medium can also be introduced percutaneously or, in the case of the bladder, transurethrally (for a cystogram; see cystography).... urogram
n. radiological examination of the urinary tract. This traditionally involves the injection of radiopaque contrast material and observation of the flow with X-rays (see cystography; intravenous urography; pyelography; urethrography). In CT urography contrast is injected in the vein and CT of the urinary tract acquired when the contrast arrives there. The technique is used in *haematuria to exclude the presence of a tumour within the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. MR urography is used to visualize the urinary tract by *magnetic resonance imaging. An MR contrast medium is injected into a peripheral vein and passes to the kidneys and ureters, when images of thin sections can be obtained. These can be manipulated by computer to reveal the anatomy and any pathology (e.g. stones, tumours) of the imaged structures. MR urography is particularly useful in children.... urography
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