(DRVs) a set of statistical terms used to describe nutritional requirements.
EAR estimated average requirement: the amount of energy or a nutrient that will meet the needs of 50% of the population.
RDA recommended daily amount: the average amount of a nutrient that should be provided per head of a group of people if the needs of practically all members of the group are to be met.
LRNI lowest recommended nutrient intake: the amount of a nutrient that provides only 2.5% of the population with their requirements.
RNI reference nutrient intake: the amount that is sufficient for almost 97.5% of individuals in a population. It is the term usually used when expressing dietary requirements.
safe level: used when there is insufficient data to determine the RNI, set as the average requirement plus 20%.
RI reference intake: a guide to how many calories and nutrients an average person can consume each day for a healthy balanced diet. This is used in labelling information for energy, protein, carbohydrate, sugars, fat, saturated fat, fibre, and salt.
a *delusion in which the patient believes that unsuspicious occurrences refer to him or her in person. Patients may, for example, believe that certain news bulletins have a direct reference to them, that music played on the radio is played for them, or that car licence plates have a meaning relevant to them. Ideas of reference differ from delusions of reference in that insight is retained.... delusion of reference
(roughage) nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), which cannot be digested and absorbed to produce energy; specifically, sources of NSP that do not contain lignin or resistant starch. Fibre is divided into two types: insoluble (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and soluble (pectins). Highly refined foods, such as sucrose, do not contain dietary fibre. Foods with a high fibre content include wholemeal cereals, vegetables, nuts, and fruit. A diet high in insoluble fibre (e.g. wheat bran, wholegrain and wholemeal bread and cereals) may help prevent bowel diseases, such as constipation, diverticulitis, and colon cancer. Soluble fibre (e.g. oats, barley, beans, pulses, fruit, and vegetables) slows the reabsorption of *bile salts and so helps to lower cholesterol as well as dampening the glycaemic response to glucose (see glycaemic index). A high-fibre diet used to be the first-line advice for irritable bowel syndrome; however, a low *FODMAP diet can be more effective.... dietary fibre
pl. n. (in ethics) the moral standards and principles that govern personal and institutional behaviour. They derive from asking first what makes a good clinician or caring institution and then identifying the attributes, behaviours, actions, and aims appropriate to this end. They include concepts such as truthfulness, kindness, tolerance, and *integrity.... values
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