Doppler effect Health Dictionary

Doppler Effect: From 1 Different Sources


A change in the frequency with which sound waves from a given source reach an observer when the source is in rapid motion with respect to the observer.

Approaching sounds appear higher in pitch (frequency) than sounds that are moving away.

This is because the wavelengths of the sound from an approaching source are progressively foreshortened, whereas the wavelengths from a receding source are stretched.

The Doppler effect is used in ultrasound scanning techniques.

An emitter sends out pulses of ultrasound (inaudible highfrequency sound) of a specific frequency.

When these pulses bounce off a moving object (blood flowing through a blood vessel, for example), the frequency of the echoes is changed from that of the emitted sound.

A sensor detects the frequency changes and converts the data into useful information (about how fast the blood flows, for example).

Doppler ultrasound techniques are also used to monitor fetal heartbeat, to detect air bubbles in dialysis and heart–lung machines, and to measure blood pressure.

Health Source: BMA Medical Dictionary
Author: The British Medical Association

Side-effect

An effect, other than the intended one, produced by a preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic procedure or regimen.... side-effect

Side Effects

Unwanted effects of a drug or treatment.... side effects

Abuta Tea: Healing Effects

Abuta tea is a complex type of tea, used at first only by midwives to treat different childbirth issues. Now, it is widely-appreciated due to its therapeutic value. About Abuta Tea Abuta is a high-climbing vine, originating from South Africa and being widely known for its efficiency in treating women’s ailments. The plant has woody stems and extremely long roots. Its leaves are heart-shaped and have a waxy texture. The seeds are flat, the flowers grow in panicles, whereas its fruits are bright red, turning black when they are ripened. Practitioners of nowadays medicine have been acknowledged using derivatives of some of the constituents of abuta to block neuromuscular activity during surgery. Extracts of the same plant are included in pharmaceutical products for medical applications. Abuta tea gained its reputation as the brew used by midwives, especially in South America. It is thought to help fighting hemorrhage that may threaten a miscarriage. In Indian Ayurvedic medicine, Abuta tea is believed to have anti-fertility properties. Brewing Abuta Tea Abuta tea can be intaken in the form of capsules or tincture. It can be brewed in the following way:
  • boil the dried roots of the plant ( 20 to 25 minutes)
  • allow the mix to steep (5 minutes)
  • drink it slowly
Abuta Tea benefits Abuta Teais successfully used to:
  • fight kidney stones and bladder infections
  • alleviate fever
  • counter jaundice
  • ease symptoms of arthritis and rheumatism
  • fight gonorrhea
  • treat anemia
Abuta tea is given to women to help ease childbirth. It is also efficient in alleviating the unpleasant menstrual problems. Abuta Tea side effects High doses ofAbuta teacombined with other medications, may lead to respiratory problems. It is not recommended to pregnant or breastfeeding women. Abuta tea is benefic to treat a large array of diseases, being also recommended as an excellent blood depurative.... abuta tea: healing effects

Cost-effectiveness Analysis

A form of analysis that seeks to determine the costs and effectiveness of a health intervention compared with similar alternative interventions to determine the relative degree to which they will obtain the desired health outcome(s).... cost-effectiveness analysis

Effect

The result of a cause.... effect

Effective / Effectiveness

The degree to which a treatment plan, programme or project has achieved its purpose within the limits set for reaching its objective. For example, an expression of the desired effect of a programme, service or institution in reducing a health problem or improving an unsatisfactory health situation.... effective / effectiveness

Generation Effect

Variations in health status that arise from the different causal factors to which each birth cohort in the population is exposed as the environment and society change. Each consecutive birth cohort is exposed to a unique environment that coincides with its life span.... generation effect

Oolong Tea Health Benefits, Side Effects And Brewing

Oolong tea, literally meaning “Black Dragon”, is a traditional Chinese beverage which undergoes a unique preparation process resulting in a reddish drink with a slightly sweet delicate flavour. Oolong tea is partially fermented, unlike black tea, which is fully fermented, or green tea, which is unfermented. Oolong Tea Brewing Oolong tea requires a higher brewingtemperature in order to extract the complex aromas of the tea leaves. It is recommended to use spring or filtered water heated at a temperature of approximately 90 degrees Celsius. The steeping process for most Oolong teas should last no longer than five minutes. If this period is extended for too long, it may ruin the delicate aromas and turn your cup of tea unpleasantly bitter. Oolong teas are best served plain, but you can add milk, sugar, honey or lemon according to your taste. Oolong Tea Health Benefits Oolong tea, a hybrid between black and green tea, has numerous health benefits, especially if consumed regularly. Drinking Oolong tea stimulates brain activity and relieves mental and physical stress. Oolong tea has the potential of reducing high blood pressure, lowering blood sugar levels and preventing serious afflictions like obesity, osteoporosis, tooth decay, cancer or heart disease. Oolong tea accelerates the metabolism and promotes weight loss. Another health benefit of Oolong tea is its effectiveness in treating skin problems such as eczema and rashes and combating skin aging. Oolong Tea Side Effects Although drinking Oolong tea is extremely beneficial for the body, it can also lead to unpleasant side effects when consumed in large quantities, therefore moderation is required. These side effects include sleeping difficulties, anxiety or irritability, most of them related to excessive caffeine intake. It is not recommended for pregnant women and people suffering from kidney disorders. Furthermore, oolong tea has been proven to interact with certain medications; therefore, people who undertake treatment are advised to consult a health care provider first. Oolong tea is extremely effective in keeping your energy levels up, due to its caffeine content, and it also increases brain function, helping you maintain active and aware throughout the day.... oolong tea health benefits, side effects and brewing

Placebo Effect

The placebo effect (usually but not necessarily beneficial) is attributable to the expectation that the regimen will have an effect, i.e. the effect is due to the power of suggestion.... placebo effect

Treatment Effect

The effect of a treatment (intervention) on outcomes, i.e. attributable only to the effect of the intervention. Investigators seek to estimate the true treatment effect using the difference between the observed outcomes of a treatment group and a control group.... treatment effect

Slippery Elm Tea Benefits And Side Effects

Slippery Elm Tea is made from the inner bark of a tree that typically grows in the eastern part of North America and it has been used as medicine for centuries.Slippery Elm Tea contains mucilage, a gel-like substance that has the property of soothing pain, irritation and inflammation. Slippery Elm Tea Brewing The reddish sticky inner bark of Slippery Elm Tea si dried and powdered. In order tobrewthe tea, you must boil two cups of water in which you will stir four grams of powdered slippery elm and allow it to steep for about five minutes. Slippery Elm Tea Health Benefits Slippery Elm Tea has many beneficial effects. Due to its mucilage content, it can lessen the effects of gastrointestinal disorders like upset stomach and heartburn. It also protects the esophagus from acid damage caused by acid reflux. The antioxidant content ofSlippery Elm Teamakes it extremely beneficial in easing the inflammation caused by bowel disorders such as ulcerative colitis, which produces highly unpleasant symptoms, including diarrhea, cramping bloody stools and pain.   Slippery Elm Tea is also effective in treating coughs, respiratory irritations and sore throats. It can also be used externaly to smoothen and soften the skin or to treat certain skin conditions, wounds or burns. Slippery Elm Tea Side Effects Research shows that the components of Slippery Elm Tea display a low risk of side effects or toxicity, but it is not advisable to drink it along orally administered medications, as it may interfere with their absorption and weaken their efficiency. As a countermeasure, you can drink the tea two hours before or after administering the medications. Despite its numerous benefits, Slippery Elm Tea is not recommended as treatment for serious diseases such as bronchitis and cancer. Slippery Elm Tea can be safely consumed by pregnant or nursing women and by children. You can drink Slippery Elm Tea three times a day. It is a nutritious beverage that will considerably contribute to your well-being.... slippery elm tea benefits and side effects

Stone Root Tea Benefits And Side Effects

Stone Root Tea comes from a strong herb mainly used to treat kidney issues, but it is also renowned for its improvement in the heart function. Drink a pleasant Stone Root Tea cup to strengthen your heart and feel your body lighter and healthier. Description of Stone Root Tea Stone root is a perennially growing herb, which belongs to mint family; it bears a potent lemon aroma and it is native to North America. Benefits of Stone Root Tea Stone Root Tea is used as a diuretic in removing excess fluids from the body. It can treat urinary tract problems including bladder pain and swelling stones in the kidney. Therefore it is great in increasing urine flow that results in relieving water retention. It is also known that people use Stone Root Tea to treat stomach ache and intestinal problems like indigestion. Sometimes, Stone Root Tea is effective in the treatment of headaches, hemorrhoids, laryngitis, pharyngitis or even dysentery. Moreover, Stone Root Tea has a tonic action making it effective in atonic conditions of the heart muscles, on the walls of the veins and capillaries. Its fresh leaves can be used to heal cuts, bruises and sores. Side effects of Stone Root Tea Although Stone Root Tea is a perfect remedy for gastrointestinal and circulatory problems, it can bring some unpleasant side effects with it. Drank in large quantities can cause diarrhea, nausea, dizziness, painful urination, or stomach pain. Pregnant or nursing women should avoid taking this tea without the consult of their doctor. You should also use with caution if you have high blood pressure. Stone Root Tea is effective all the way, making your heart stronger and bringing relief in the whole body. No more pains and discomfort in your life, but more and more vitality. Stone Root Tea is making a change for you. ... stone root tea benefits and side effects

Sunlight, Adverse Effects Of

Problems resulting from overexposure to sunlight. Fair-skinned people are more susceptible. Short-term overexposure causes sunburn and, in intense heat, can result in heat exhaustion or heatstroke. Repeated overexposure over a long period can cause premature aging of the skin and solar keratoses. It increases the risk of skin cancer. Protection of the skin with sunscreens helps to prevent sun damage. Photosensitivity is an abnormal sensitivity to sunlight, resulting in a rash.

Exposure to sunlight can affect the eyes, causing irritation of the conjunctiva, actinic keratopathy, or pterygium.

Good sunglasses help to prevent eye problems.... sunlight, adverse effects of

Effector

n. any structure or agent that brings about activity in a muscle or gland, such as a motor nerve that causes muscular contraction or glandular secretion. The term is also used for the muscle or gland itself.... effector

Extrapyramidal Effects

symptoms caused by a reduction of dopamine activity in the extrapyramidal system due to the adverse effects of *dopamine receptor antagonists, notably phenothiazine *antipsychotic drugs. These effects include *parkinsonism, *akathisia, and *dyskinesia.... extrapyramidal effects

Laser Doppler Flowmeter

a non-invasive instrument for measuring blood flow through tissue (e.g. skin) utilizing a laser beam.... laser doppler flowmeter

Somogyi Effect

see dawn phenomenon. [M. Somogyi (1883–1971), US biochemist]... somogyi effect

Wolff–chaikoff Effect

the inhibition of thyroid hormone production by administration of large doses of iodide. This occurs at a critical dosage level below which the addition of iodide to an iodine-deficient individual results in increased production of thyroid hormone. The effect is transient in individuals with normal thyroids but may persist in thyroiditis; it can be utilized medically to induce a hypothyroid state, for example in patients with *thyroid crisis (see Lugol’s solution). [L. Wolff (1898–1972), US cardiologist; I. L. Chaikoff (20th century), US physiologist]... wolff–chaikoff effect

Wormwood Tea Benefits And Side Effects

Wormwood Tea has been known for centuries as a great herbal treatment. Greeks used it as a treatment for many diseases, mostly concerning the digestive system problems or nervous system affections. Wormwood is a perennial herb that grows mainly in areas like Europe, Asia and Africa. It has speared-like green leaves, bright yellow flowers and its roots resemble to a rhizome. Also known as artemisia absinthus, wormwood has hallucinogenic and psychoactive properties. Wormwood is widely known as absinthe and it is said that great artists like Van Gogh and Hemingway owe a lot of their creation to wormwood consumption. Wormwood Tea Properties Aside from its hallucinogenic properties, Wormwood Tea turns out to be quite a help when it comes to treating certain health problems. Wormwood Tea is one of the bitterest teas on Earth so only take it combined with honey, ginger or lemon. Wormwood is the main ingredient of absinthe liquor and it’s also used as an important additive for wines, vinegar and vermouth. The active substances of this tea are thujone (absinthol or tenacetone), thujyl alcohol, acids, absinthin, tannins, resin, potash, and starch. Wormwood Tea Benefits Wormwood Tea has been used since ancient times as a hallucinogen in many rituals around the world. Africans believed that Wormwood Tea contained the secret to an absolute freedom of mind and that by taking it you could have reached the peak of human creativity. As crazy as these theories may sound, there are still many cults today that base their entire philosophy on Wormwood Tea consumption. Back to the real world, alternative medicine, by its practitioners, found the real medical benefits of this treatment. Wormwood Tea may come in hand if you are suffering from one of the following conditions: - Indigestion, by inhibiting gastric bacterial and by lowering the microbial risk to infections. - Gastric pains, by decreasing the gastric acidity level. - Loss of appetite, by stimulating intestinal actions and stomach functions. - Worms and other parasites of the digestive system, by flushing them away thanks to an active substance called absinthin. - Immune system deficiencies, by increasing the number of antibodies and by redirecting them to the affected areas. How to make Wormwood Tea Infusion When preparing Wormwood Tea infusion, first you need to make sure that the plants you are about to use are exactly what the label says they are. Only buy Wormwood Tea from trusted providers! Second of all, only use a teaspoon of herbs for every two cups of tea you want to make: the wormwood is a very concentrated herb and you need to be careful when dosing the ingredients. Put the dried herbs in a teapot and add boiling water. Wait for 15 or 20 minutes and drink it hot or cold. However, don’t drink more than a cup of tea per day or you’ll poison your entire nervous system! Wormwood Tea Side Effects When taken according to instructions and under supervised care, Wormwood Tea is safe. However, high dosages may lead to hallucinations, paranoia and other severe conditions of the nervous system. If you’ve been taking Wormwood Tea for a more than three weeks and you’ve noticed some unusual changes in your body reaction, talk to a specialist as soon as possible and don’t try to treat it at home! Wormwood Tea Contraindications Wormwood Tea is not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women, children, patients suffering from mental deviations or other serious conditions that imply the use of blood thinners and anti-coagulants. The best thing you can do when it comes to Wormwood Tea consumption is to talk to a herbalist or to your doctor in order to find out more about the ups and downs of this very controversial tea. If you get a specialized approval and you feel very confident about this treatment, give it a try and enjoy the benefits of Wormwood Tea responsibly!... wormwood tea benefits and side effects

Doctrine Of Double Effect

the principle that, where it is foreseen that a single action will have both a good and a bad outcome, a person may perform such an action provided that (a) he or she intends only the positive outcome, (b) the bad outcome is not disproportionate to the good, and (c) the good outcome is not a direct consequence of the bad. The classic example occurs where a terminally ill patient requires high doses of opiates for pain relief that may also depress respiratory function and hasten his or her death. In such a case the law holds that the doctor may supply the necessary dosage without this being considered tantamount to *euthanasia, even though the outcome will be the same, i.e. the morality of the action does not lie in its consequences (see consequentialism).... doctrine of double effect

Doppler Ultrasound

a diagnostic technique that utilizes the fact that the frequency of sound or light waves changes when they are reflected from a moving surface (the Doppler effect). It is used to study the flow in blood vessels and the movement of blood in the heart. The frequency detector may be part of an ultrasound imaging probe, which displays an image of the anatomy on a monitor. Simultaneously the Doppler signal from a particular point on the ultrasound image can be displayed superimposed on the anatomical position (duplex imaging). Using electronic techniques, direction and velocity of blood flow can each be allocated different colours and displayed on a colour monitor over the anatomical image (colour flow ultrasound imaging). Power Doppler, a modification of this technique, is more sensitive at detecting flow but does not give information on direction of flow. Doppler ultrasound is a valuable technique to detect vessel thrombosis, such as deep vein thrombosis, and can be safely used in pregnancy without the risk of ionizing radiation. It is extensively used in vascular surgery to assess the status of the blood vessels before surgery, especially in carotid surgery. Doppler measurement of the fetal middle cerebral vessels (MCA Doppler) can predict fetal anaemia as the resistance in these vessels is increased. This noninvasive technique has supplanted serial amniocentesis/fetal cord blood sampling in cases of *haemolytic disease of the newborn. Doppler of other fetal vessels (e.g. the ductus venosus) is used as a screening method for fetal chromosomal and cardiac defects and, later, fetal growth restriction. [C. J. Doppler (1803–53), Austrian physicist]... doppler ultrasound

Effectiveness And Efficiency

n. measures that are used in health economics and ethics to assess treatments of all kinds. A treatment that works or achieves its object is effective, but may do so at great cost. If it is also efficient, it achieves its aim equally but at lower cost (or consumes less resources) when compared with other treatments. Such an assessment may be part of an *intervention study. Even apparently effective and efficient treatments may work for patients only by depriving others of similar care (opportunity costs), so a moral evaluation must take into account the overall aims and purposes of health care in general.... effectiveness and efficiency



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