The meaning of the symbols of dreams/ seen in a dream.

See SHINGLES... herpes zoster

The product of the union of a male and a female gamete.... zygote

A metal, several salts of which are used in medicine for external application. It is essential for growth and development in animals and plants. The average human body contains a total of 1– 2 grams, and most human diets contain 10–15 mg. In human beings, de?ciency of zinc results in lack of growth, slow sexual development and ANAEMIA. De?ciency is also associated with a skin disorder known as acrodermatitis enteropathica.

Uses Zinc chloride is a powerful caustic and astringent which, combined with zinc sulphate, is used as an astringent mouthwash. Zinc sulphate is also used in the form of eyedrops in the treatment of certain forms of conjunctivitis (see under EYE, DISORDERS OF).

Zinc oxide, zinc stearate, and zinc carbonate are made up in dusting powders, in ointments, in paste bandages or suspended in water as lotions for the astringent action they exert upon abraded surfaces of the skin. Zinc and castor oil ointment of the British Pharmacopoeia is a well-tried treatment for nappy rash.

Zinc undecenoate is used as an ointment and as a dusting-powder in the treatment of RINGWORM.... zinc

An infection or an infectious disease transmissible under natural conditions from vertebrate animal and humans.... zoonosis

See SLEEP.... dreams

An antiviral drug (trade name Relenza©) which ameliorates the symptoms of INFLUENZA. It is licensed in the United Kingdom for treating the A or B varieties, 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. In otherwise healthy people it reduces the duration of symptoms by around 24 hours. It is not yet known to what extent zanamivir can prevent complications in high-risk patients such as the elderly.... zanamivir

An antiviral drug used to treat AIDS (see AIDS/ HIV) and its related conditions, such as pneumocystis PNEUMONIA. The drug slows down the growth of human immunode?ciency virus (HIV) but does not cure the disease. It may be given intravenously or by mouth. Also called AZT, zidovudine has been in use since 1987, and it works by blocking the ENZYME that stimulates HIV to grow and multiply. It may cause ANAEMIA so regular blood tests are necessary.... zidovudine

A rare disorder in which severe peptic ulcers recur in the stomach and duodenum (see DUODENAL ULCER; STOMACH, DISEASES OF). It is caused by a tumour in the PANCREAS that produces a hormone, GASTRIN, which stimulates the stomach and duodenum to produce excess acid: this causes ulceration. Treatment is by surgery.... zollinger-ellison syndrome

(Lam.) Gaertn. non-Mill.

Synonym: Z. mauritiana Lam. Rhamnus jujuba L.

Family: Rhamnaceae.

Habitat: Throughout India and in the outer Himalayas up to 1,350 m.

English: Indian Jujube, Common Jujube.

Ayurvedic: Badar, Kola.

Unani: Ber.

Siddha: Handai.

Action: Fruits—wild var.: astringent, anodyne, cooling, stomachic, styptic. Ripe and dry cultivated var.: mild laxative, expectorant. Seeds—antidiarrhoeal. Kernels— antispasmodic, sedative, antiemetic. Leaves—astringent and diaphoretic. Stem bark—astringent, used in diarrhoea. Root bark—juice purgative, externally applied to rheumatic inflammations and gout. Leaves and twigs—paste applied to abscesses, boils and carbuncles and in strangury.

Leaves gave protopine and berberine; exhibited anticholinergic activity. Fruits gave cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, Sisyphus saponins I, II and III; jujubo- side B and p-coumaroylates of alphi- tolic acid. Seeds gave saponins—juju- bosides A and B; the saponin yields the sapogenin—jujubogenin.

A variety grown in Haryana (Naazu- ka) contains sugars 10.5% and ascorbic acid 205 mg/100 g.

Dosage: Dried fruit pulp, devoid of seed—3-6 g; stem bark—3- 5 g powder, 10-20 g for decoction. (API, Vol. III.)... ziziphus jujuba

The process whereby the zonule (see EYE) is dissolved by an ENZYME (chymotrypsin) as part of intracapsular cataract surgery. Once the zonule has been dissolved the cataract can be lifted out of the eye. (See EYE, DISORDERS OF – Cataract.)... zonulolysis

Or zygomatic bone. The name given to a bridge of bone formed by the union of a process from the temporal bone in the skull with one from the malar (cheek) bone. It lies in the region of the temple, gives attachment to the powerful masseter muscle which moves the lower jaw, and forms a protection to the side of the head.... zygoma

The mechanism of fermentation initiated by an ENZYME during DIGESTION.... zymolysis

An ingredient of many skin preparations that has a mild astringent action and a soothing effect. Zinc oxide is used to treat painful, itchy, or moist skin conditions and to ease the pain caused by haemorrhoids and insect bites or stings. It also blocks the ultraviolet rays of the sun (see sunscreens).... zinc oxide

A drug used in the short-term treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem has a brief duration of action and causes little hangover effect. Side effects include diarrhoea, nausea, and dizziness.... zolpidem

The thick, transparent, noncellular layer that surrounds a developing egg cell in the ovarian follicle. At fertilization, the zona pellucida is penetrated by at least 1 sperm.... zona pellucida

A drug used in the short-term treatment of insomnia. It has a brief duration of action and causes little hangover effect. Side effects include a bitter metallic taste, nausea, and dry mouth.... zopiclone

The arch of bone, commonly known as the cheek bone, on either side of the skull just below the eye socket. The zygomatic arch is formed of the zygomatic and temporal bones.... zygomatic arch

Linn.

Synonym: Manilkara zapota (Linn.) P. van Royan Manilkara achras (Mill.) Fosberg Sapota achras Mill.

Family: Sapotaceae.

Habitat: Native to Central America. Cultivated chiefly in Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.

English: Sapota, Sapodilla Plum, Chicle.

Unani: Sapotaa, Cheeku.

Siddha/Tamil: Shimai eluppai.

Action: Fruit—antibilious. Seed— diuretic. Fruit and bark—febrifuge.

The bark contains latex (20-25% of which consists of gutta-percha-like substance); also contains tannin (11.8%). The seeds contain quercitol.

Chewing gum consists of approximately 20% chicle, plus sugar, corn syrup and flavourings.... achras zapota

Linn.

Synonym: C. horrida Linn.f.

Family: Cappariadaceae.

Habitat: Common in plains as a hedge plant.

English: Ceylon Caper.

Ayurvedic: Ahimsra (Himsraa and Ahimsra are synonyms). Vyaaghranakhi.

Siddha/Tamil: Aathondai.

Folk: Kareruaa.

Action: Root bark—sedative, stomachic, anticholerin, diuretic febrifuge. Leaves—applied as poultice to piles, swellings, boils.

The plant contains a saponin and p- hydroxybenzoic, syringic, vanillic, fer- ulic and p-coumaric acids. The leaves contain beta-carotene. The leaves and seeds contain glucocapparin, alpha- amyrin, n-triacontane and a fixed oil.

Aerial parts exhibited spasmolytic activity.... capparis zeylanica

Synonym: C. verum Persl.

Family: Lauraceae.

Habitat: Western Ghats at low levels. Plantations of cinnamon are confined to Kerala State.

English: Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon.

Ayurvedic: Tvak, Daaruchini, Chochaa, Choncha, Varaanga, Utkata, Daarusitaa (bark).

Unani: Daarchini (bark).

Siddha/Tamil: Elavangappattai.

Folk: Daalchini.

Action: Bark—carminative, astringent, antispasmodic, expectorant, haemostatic, antiseptic. Leaf— antidiabetic. Ground cinnamon is used in diarrhoea and dysentery; for cramps of the stomach, gastric irritation; for checking nausea and vomiting; used externally in toothache, neuralgia and rheumatism. The bark is included in medicinal preparations for indigestion, flatulence, flu, mothwashes, gargles, herbal teas.

Key application: As antibacterial and fungistatic. Internally, for loss of appetite, dyspeptic complaints such as mild spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, bloating and flatulence. (German Commission E, ESCOP.) Contraindicated in stomach and duodenal ulcers. (WHO.)

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia indicated the use of dried mature leaves of Cinnamomum tamala and dried inner bark of C. zeylanicum in sinusitis.

Cinnamaldehyde is the major constituent (74%) of the essential oil from bark.

Major constituent of the leaf oil is eugenol (28-98%) and that of root- bark oil camphor (60%).

Cinnamaldehyde is hypotensive, spasmolytic and increases peripheral blood flow; and it inhibits cyclooxy- genase and lipoxygenase enzymes of arachidonic acid metabolism.

Cinnamaldehyde exhibits CNS stimulant effects at high doses. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

The bark oil and extracts exhibit antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities, and enhance trypsin activity.

Eugenol content of the leaf oil is antiseptic and anaesthetic. It is not inter- changable with the bark oil.

Root bark oil acts as a stimulant in amenorrhoea. The bark contains tannins (6.5%) consisting of tetrahydrox- yflavandiols; diterpenes, cinnzeylanin and cinnzeylanol.

C. malabatrum (Burm. f.) Blume is equated with Jangali Daarchini.

Dosage: Dried inner bark—1-3 g powder. (API Vol. I.)... cinnamomum zeylanicum

Causative virus of chicken pox and shingles.... herpes zoster virus

Vahl.

Family: Hydrophyllaceae.

Habitat: Throughout India, in moist and swampy places.

Ayurvedic: Wrongly equated with Laangali. (Laangali is equated with Gloriosa superba Linn.) Known as Ish-languulia (West Bengal).

Action: Leaves and paste— used for callous ulcers. Plant— antiprotozoal.... hydrolea zeylanica

Cav.

Family: Malvaceae.

Habitat: Throughout greater part of India.

Siddha/Tamil: Sithamutti, Mammat- ti, Peraamutti.

Action: Plant—purgative, an- thelmintic, febrifuge.

The stem gave a saponin, pavo- phylline, and a keto-ester, methyl 19- ketotetracosanoate.... pavonia zeylanica

Linn.

Family: Liliaceae.

Habitat: Tropical parts of India including hills. Common in eastern Himalayas.

Unani: Jangali Ushbaa.

Siddha/Tamil: Malai-thaamara.

Action: Root—used in prescriptions for venereal diseases. Decoction, used for abscesses, boils, swellings and rheumatism; also for dysentery Used as a substitute for S. ornata.

Diosgenin is reported from the root and leaf.... smilax zeylanica

Rose.

Family: Zingiberaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated throughout India; wild in Eastern Himalaya.

English: Zedoary, Zerumbet.

Ayurvedic: Karchuura, Draavida, Palaashi, Kachura, Gandhmuulaka, Shati.

Unani: Zarambaad. Siddha/Tamil: Kichhilikkizhangu.

Action: Carminative, stomaehie, gastrointestinal stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, demulcent, rubefacient. Used in flatulence and dyspepsia. Fresh root is used for checking lecorrhoeal discharge; also for blood purification. Zedoary's effect on digestive organs is similar to ginger but milder.

Along with other therapeutic applications, The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India indicated the use of the rhizome in goiter.

The rhizomes are a source of Shoti Starch, used as a food for babies and convalescents, recovering from chronic stomatitis. It is cooling and demulcent.

Zedoary, dried rhizomes, contains a number of terpenoids, including curcumene, curcumenone, curdione, curcumenol. Curzerenone, furanoger- menone, germacrone, germacrone epoxide; a volatile oil (1.0-1.5%) resembling ginger oil, and starch (50%).

Zedoary is thought to stimulate bile production (due to sesquiterpene ke- tones) and gall bladder emptying (due to cucuminoid constituents).

The sesquiterpenes, germacrone, germacrone epoxide, curzerenone and curcumenol showed CNS depressant properties. Curzerenone also showed a potent protective effect against induced lesions in rats. Both curz- erenone and curcumenol showed a moderate analgesic action.

The terpenoid furanogermenone exhibits antiallergic activity. (Powdered zedoary, mixed with fructose, is used as an antiallergant in Japan.)

Curcumenol and curdione are shown to possess tumour-inhibiting property. The rhizome is used in China for extradural haematomas and certain types of tumours. It has been reported in China that zedoary reduced cervical cancer and increased the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

The volatile oil of zedoary exhibits antimicrobial and antifungal activity. The antifungal constituent of the oil has been reported as methyl-p-methoxy- cinnamate.

Dosage: Dried rhizome—1-3 g powder. (API Vol. IV.)... curcuma zedoaria

Aitch. & Hemsl.

D. semibarbatum Blenert

Family: Ranunculaceae.

Habitat: Persia and Afghanistan.

English: Zalil Larkspur.

Ayurvedic: Sprikkaa. (Melilotus officinalis, known as Aspurka or Naakhunaa, is also equated with Sprikkaa.)

Unani: Zarir, Zalil, Asbarg, Gul-Zalil (flower).

Action: Diuretic, anodyne, anti- inflammatory, detergent. Used in jaundice, dropsy and diseases of the spleen. Ash—used externally on wounds and skin diseases.

The seeds contain norditerpenoid alkaloid, zaliline, besides anhweidel- phinine, browniine, desacetylnudi- cauline, lycoctonine, methyllycaconi- tine and nudicauline. The medicinal properties of the plant are attributed to desacetylnudicauline, methyllycaconi- tine and nudicauline.... delphinium zalil

Linn.

Family: Bombacaceae.

Habitat: Native to Malaysia; cultivated in South India for its edible fruit, in lower elevations of the Nilgiris and some parts of the West Coast.

English: Durian, Civet Fruit.

Folk: Durio

Action: Fruit—reduces lethality of alcohol. Leaves and roots—used in a prescriptions for fever. Leaves— used in medicinal bath during fever. Fruit-walls—used externally for skin diseases. Ashes of the skin— given after childbirth.

The edible pulp of the fruit contains about 12% total sugars and an equal amount of starch; crude protein 2.8, fat 3.9, total carbohydrates 34.1, mineral matter 1.2%; carotene 20, vitamin C 25 mg/100 g.

The seeds are edible like chestnuts after roasting.... durio zibethinus

(Armenian) Form of Isabel, meaning “my God is bountiful” Zabela, Zabelah, Zabella, Zabele, Zabelle, Zabele, Zabelia, Zabeliah, Zabelea, Zabeleah... zabel

(American) Form of Sabrina, meaning “a legendary princess” Zabreena, Zabrinah, Zabrinna, Zabryna, Zabryne, Zabrynya, Zabreana, Zabreane, Zabreenia, Zabrinia, Zabrinnia, Zabrynia, Zabrine... zabrina

(Hebrew) One who is pure and just Zaccae, Zacae, Zacii, Zaccii, Zacai, Zackai, Zackae, Zakai, Zakae... zaccai

(Hebrew) Form of Zacharie, meaning “God is remembered” Zacha, Zachie, Zachi, Zachee, Zachea, Zacheah... zachah

(Hebrew) God is remembered Zacharee, Zacharey, Zacaree, Zaccaree, Zacari, Zaccari, Zecharie, Zecharee, Zecharey, Zacara, Zacceaus, Zacaria, Zachoia, Zackaria, Zakaria, Zakira, Zackeisha, Zackeria, Zacharea, Zachareah, Zakarea, Zakareah, Zacarea, Zacareah... zacharie

(Arabic) Fortunate one; lucky; prosperous Zayda, Zaida, Zayeda, Zayedah, Zadda, Zaddah, Zadah, Zaeda, Zaedah... zada

(Hebrew) One who sings Zaphara, Zafarra, Zapharra, Zafarah, Zafarrah, Zapharah, Zapharrah... zafara

(Arabic) She who is victorious; successful

Zafira, Zafyra, Zafyre, Zafire, Zafinah, Zafina, Zayfina, Zayfinah, Zafyna, Zafynah, Zafiera, Zafierah, Zafeira, Zafeirah, Zafiena, Zafienah, Zafeina, Zafeinah... zafirah

(Armenian) Resembling a flower Zagiri, Zagirie, Zagiree, Zagirea, Zagireah, Zagiry, Zagirey, Zagira, Zagirah... zagir

(Linn.) DC.

Family: Ranunculaceae.

Habitat: The tropical forests of eastern Himalayas, Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Deccan Peninsula.

Ayurvedic: Dhanavalli (Kerala), Chhagul-bati (Bengal).

Siddha/Tamil: Vathomkolli, Neen- davalli.

Action: Astringent, antiinflammatory, vulnerary, anthelmintic. Used for colic, headache, inflammations, rheumatic pain, wounds and ulcers, intestinal worms, leprosy and skin diseases. Saps of stem—effective in onychia.... naravelia zeylanica

Linn.

Family: Plumbaginaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated in gardens throughout India; also found wild in Peninsular India.

English: Ceylon Leadwort, Leadwort.

Ayurvedic: Chitraka, Agni, Vahni, Jvalanaakhya, Krshaanu, Hutaasha, Dahana, Sikhi.

Unani: Sheetraj Hindi. Siddha/Tamil: Chittramoolam.

Action: Root—intestinal flora normalizer, stimulates digestive processes; used for dyspepsia. Root paste is applied in order to open abscesses; a paste prepared with milk, vinegar or salt and water, is used externally in leprosy and other obstinate skin diseases. A cold infusion is used for influenza and black-water fever.

Key application: In sprue, malabsorption syndrome, piles and inflammatory diseases of ano-rectum. (The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.)

The root yielded naphthoquinone derivatives, plumbagin being the most important active principle.

The root extract, after processing for plumbagin enhancement, has been used in a number of drug formulations for liver ailments. Experimentally, plumbagin prevented the accumulation of triglycerides in liver and aorta and regressed atheromatous plaques and abdominal aorta. The chloroform extract of the root showed significant activity against pencillin-resistant (also non-pencillin resistant) strains of Neisseria gonorrhoea. (The root is used for treating sexually transmitted diseases in traditional Indian medicine.)

In Siddha medicine, in Tamil Nadu, the plant is an ingredient in a number of drug formulations for treating cancers of the uterus, breast, lungs and oral cavity, in addition to haemorrhoids.

Plumbagin is abortifacient, antiovu- latory; causes selective testicular lesions in dogs; in lower doses it behaves like a spindle poison, in higher concentration exhibits radiomimetic nu- cleotoxic and cytotoxic effects.

Dosage: Detoxified root—1-2 g powder. (API, Vol. I.)... plumbago zeylanica

(Linn.) DC.

Synonym: Eugenia zeylanica (L.) Wight.

Family: Myrtaceae.

Habitat: Maharshtra, Mysore, Kerala, Orissa and Andaman Islands.

Siddha/Tamil: Marungi.

Folk: Bhedas (Maharashtra).

Action: Leaves and roots— vermifuge. Plant—stimulant, antirheumatic. (Berries—white, the size of a pea; edible.)

Among other members of the genus, S. arnottianum (Wight) Walp. and S. caryophyllatum (Linn.) Alston are distributed in South India, particularly in Western Ghats. The fruits are edible. Stem bark of all the species contain tannin, that of S. arnottianum up to 16%.... syzygium zeylanicum

R. Br.

Family: Boraginaceae.

Habitat: Peninsular India, crossing into West Bengal.

Ayurvedic: Adah-pushpi (related species), Jhingi.

Folk: Hetenuriyaa, Jalasirasa. Jinghini (Maharashtra).

Action: Flower—sudorific, pectoral. Leaves—diuretic, emollient, demulcent. Root—applied to wounds as analgesic.

Seeds contain a toxic alkaloid supi- nine (1% dry seeds). Aqueous extracts of stems, leaves and fruits is very toxic to cockroaches.... trichodesma zeylanicum

(Hebrew) Of the morning light; dawn Zahir, Zahyr, Zaher... zahar

(Hebrew) The golden one Zahava, Zachava, Zahavya, Zechava, Zehavia, Zehava, Zehuva, Zehavit, Zehavi, Zehave, Zeheva... zahavah

(Arabic) Feminine form of Zahi; brilliant and beautiful Zahiah, Zaheea, Zaheeah... zahia

(Arabic) Feminine form of Zahid; one who is pious

Zaahida, Zahidah, Zaheeda, Zaheedah, Zaheida, Zaheidah, Zahieda, Zahiedah, Zahyda, Zahydah... zahida

(Arabic) One who is shining, luminous; dazzling

Zahira, Zaheera, Zaheerah, Zahiera, Zahierah, Zaheira, Zaheirah, Zahyra, Zahyrah... zahirah

(Arabic) A brilliant woman; radiant Zahiyah, Zehiya, Zehiyah, Zeheeya, Zaheeya, Zeheeyah, Zaheeyah, Zaheiya, Zaheiyah, Zahieya, Zahieyah... zahiya

(Arabic / Swahili) White-skinned / flowerlike

Zahrah, Zahraa, Zahre, Zahreh, Zahara, Zaharra, Zahera, Zahira, Zahyra, Zeehera, Zahria, Zahirra, Zaherra... zahra

(Serbo-Croatian) One who is grateful

Zahvalla, Zahvallah, Zahvalah, Zavala, Zavalah, Zavalla, Zavallah... zahvala

(Arabic) One who is beautiful and adorned

Zaibaa, Zaib, Zaibah, Zayba, Zaybah, Zaeba, Zaebah... zaiba

(Arabic) One who is rich; prosperous

Zaidie, Zaidi, Zaidey, Zaidy, Zaydee, Zaydie, Zaydi, Zaydey, Zaydy, Zaidea, Zaydea, Zayda, Zaedi, Zaedie, Zaedy, Zaedey, Zaedee, Zaedea, Zaedeah... zaidee

Having a lucid dream means dreaming while being aware of the fact that you are dreaming. However, many people become lucid in the middle of the dream or, on the contrary, fall lose reality contact after being lucid at first. Although traditional medicine can’t be very helpful in these cases, alternative medicine has a few tricks up its sleeve. How a Tea for Lucid Dreams Works A Tea for Lucid Dreams’ main purpose is to make you recall what you have dreamed by calming your nervous system and improving your memory function. These teas are good for a number of other diseases, such as memory loss, headaches or migraines. However, talk to an herbalist or to your doctor before starting any kind of herbal treatment in order to make sure everything will be alright. Efficient Tea for Lucid Dreams In order to work properly, a Tea for Lucid Dreams needs to be both very efficient and one hundred percent safe (since lucid dreams are not exactly a medical problem, you may want to avoid developing one). A tea that is rich in antioxidants, nutrients, tannins, volatile oils and minerals (sodium, magnesium, iron, manganese) would be very adequate. You may want to avoid teas with a large amount of acid agents (they could cause stomach pain). If you don’t know which teas could be useful for lucid dreams, here’s a list for guidance: - Green Tea – contains all the ingredients necessary to sustain life, so it’s useful for a wide range of ailments, not just lucid dreams. If you’re suffering from infertility, anemia, asthenia, loss of appetite, digestive tract complaints or nervous system failure, this decoction could also be useful. However, you must avoid it at all costs if you’re experiencing some menstrual or menopausal symptoms. The same advice if you’re pregnant (it may cause uterine contractions and therefore miscarriage). - Valerian Tea – was been used as a sleep aid since ancient times, when the Romans and the Greeks took it before going to bed. This Tea for Lucid Dreams, thanks to its active compounds, is a mild sedative and could also work miracles on your nervous system. However, you need to make sure that you don’t exceed the number of cups recommended per day in order to avoid hallucinations, tiredness or even death. - Chamomile Tea – of course, the world’s greatest panacea shouldn’t be left aside. If you’re having trouble remembering your dreams, try a cup of Chamomile Tea before you go to bed! This Tea has a great fragrance and a pleasant smell. Plus, it’s one hundred percent safe so you can drink as much as you want. Tea for Lucid Dreams Side Effects When taken according to specifications, these teas are generally safe. However, exceeding the number of cups recommended per day may lead to a number of health problems, such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, upset stomach or even death! If you’ve been taking one of these decoctions for a while and you’re experience a negative response from your body, ask for medical assistance right away! Don’t take a Tea for Lucid Dreams if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, on blood thinners or anticoagulants. The same advice in case you’re preparing for a surgery. If your doctor says it’s ok to start an herbal treatment, choose a tea that fits best your requirements and enjoy its wonderful benefits!  ... tea for lucid dreams

(Linn.) Nash.

Synonym: Andropogon muricatus Retz.

A. squarrosus Hook. f. (non L. f.).

Family: Gramineae; Poaceae.

Habitat: A perennial grass, cultivated chiefly in Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh., Punjab and the West Coast.

English: Vetiver, Khas.

Ayurvedic: Ushira, Bahu-muulaka, Sugandhimuula, Jataamedaa, Indragupta, Nalada, Laamajjaka, Sevya, Samagandhaka, Jalavaasa, Virana, Aadhya.

Unani: Cuscus, Khas

Siddha: Vettiver, Vilamichaver.

Action: Root—infusion used as refrigerant, febrifuge, diaphoretic; stimulant, stomachic, antispasmod- ic, emmenagogue, astringent, blood purifier. Used in fevers, colic, flatulence, vomiting, spermatorrhoea and strangury. Root oil—used in obstinate vomiting, colic and flatulence.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia recommend the root in dysuria.

Major constituents of North Indian laevorotatory oil, (obtained from wild roots) are antipodal terpenoids, while those of South Indian dextrorotatory oils (obtained from cultivated roots) are sesquiterpene ketones and alcohols.

The North India Khas oil contains large amounts of khusilal, other ses- quiterpenes include khusol, khusimol, khusitone, cadinene and laevojuneol. The South Indian Khas oil constituents are largely nootkatone, vestipiranes and substances of tricyclic zizaane structure. Khusilal is absent in typical dextrorotatory Khas oils.

The oils from other producing countries are found to be dextrorotatory similar to that from South India.

Dosage: Fibrous root—3-6 g for infusion. (API, Vol. III.)... vetiveria zizaniodes

(Arabic) A beautiful woman Zainah, Zainna, Zeina, Zeinna, Zeinnah, Zainnah, Zinaida, Zinaidah, Zeinah, Zaynah, Zayna, Zaena, Zaenah... zaina

(Arabic) A fragrant flowering plant Zaynab, Zaenab... zainab

(Swahili) One who is known for her beauty Zaynabu, Zaenabu... zainabu

(Arabic / Irish) Resembling a rose / form of Sara, meaning “princess; lady” Zairah, Zayra, Zayrah, Zaera, Zaerah... zaira

(African) A woman from Zaire; form of Zara, meaning “princess; lady / day’s awakening; dawn” Zair, Zaeire, Zaeir... zaire

(Swahili) One who is pure; chaste Zaaka, Zacka, Zakka, Zacca, Zakah, Zackah, Zaccah... zaka

(Russian) Form of Jacqueline, meaning “the supplanter” Zakelinah, Zakelyna, Zakeleena, Zacelina, Zacelyna, Zackelina, Zackelyna, Zakeleana, Zakeline, Zakelyn, Zakelyne, Zaceline, Zacelyn, Zackelin, Zackelyn, Zakeleen, Zakelin... zakelina

(Arabic / Swahili) One who is chaste; pure / an intelligent woman Zakiah, Zakea, Zakeia, Zakiya, Zakiyah, Zakeya, Zakaya, Zakeyia, Zakiyyah, Zakiyya, Zakkiyya, Zakiyaa, Zakya, Zakeah... zakia

(Slovene) One who is beautiful; from the river

Zalah, Zalla, Zallah... zala

A nucleoside REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR used in the treatment of HIV, in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. Serious side-effects include the risk of peripheral NEUROPATHY and of pancreatitis (see PANCREAS, DISEASES OF).... zalcitabine

(Greek) One who has the strength of the sea

Zail, Zaile, Zayle, Zayl, Zael, Zaele... zale

(Swahili) Born into royalty; wellborn Zalikah, Zalyka, Zalik, Zulika, Zuleika, Zaliki, Zalike, Zaleeka, Zaleekah, Zaleika, Zaleikah, Zalieka, Zaliekah... zalika

(French) Form of Selene, meaning “of the moon”

Zalinah, Zaleana, Zaleena, Zalena, Zalyna, Zaleen, Zaleene, Zalene, Zaline, Zalyne, Zaleane, Zaleina, Zaleinah, Zaliena, Zalienah... zalina

(Swahili) To enrich; one who cultivates the land

Zalishah, Zaleesha, Zaleeshah, Zalysha, Zalyshah, Zaleisha, Zaleishah, Zaliesha, Zalieshah, Zaleasha, Zaleashah... zalisha

(Native American) From the high mountain

Zalantah, Zaltanah, Zalanta, Zaltanna, Zaltannah... zaltana

(Latin) One from the town of Zama Zamah, Zamma, Zammah... zama

(Hebrew) A songstress Zemarah, Zamarah, Zamarra, Zamarrah, Zemara, Zemarra, Zemarrah, Zema, Zamirra, Zamirrah, Zamirah, Zamira... zamara

(Hebrew) One who meditates Zambdah... zambda

(African) Woman from Zambia Zambe, Zambi, Zambie, Zamby, Zambey, Zambea, Zambeah... zambee

(Zulu) One who strives to succeed Zamellah, Zamy, Zamie, Zami, Zamey, Zamee, Zamea, Zameah... zamella

(Greek) Having the strength of the sea

Zamillah, Zamila, Zamilah, Zamylla, Zamyllah, Zamyla, Zamylah... zamilla

(Hebrew) An intelligent ruler Zamire, Zameer, Zameere, Zamyr, Zamyre... zamir

(Spanish) From the city of Zamora Zamorah, Zamorrah, Zamorra... zamora

(Arabic) Resembling an emerald; a precious stone

Zamurad, Zamurrada, Zamurada... zamurrad

(Hebrew) Of the race of giants

Zamzumim, Zumim... zamzummim

(Romanian / Hebrew) In mythology, the three Graces / form of Susanna, meaning “resembling a graceful white lily” Zanna, Zanah, Zannah... zana

Carrot (Daucus carota). Plant Part Used: Root.Dominican Medicinal Uses: Root: juice, orally, for diabetes, anemia, cancer, improved vision, tumors, uterine fibroids, menopausal hot flashes, nourishment, to strengthen the blood, diarrhea, stomach ailments, gastrointestinal inflammation and liver disorders.Safety: Generally considered safe; root is widely consumed.Clinical Data: Human clinical trials: antioxidant, colonic motility, dental caries, hypocholesterolemic (root).Laboratory & Preclinical Data: In vivo: hepatoprotective (root).In vitro: antibacterial, antispasmodic, antitumor (seed extract or constituents), antioxidant, carotene bioavailability, hormonal effects (root).Nutrition: vitamin A precursors.* See entry for Zanahoria in “Part 3: Dominican Medicinal Plant Profiles” of this book for more information, including references.... zanahoria

(Greek) Form of Alexandra, meaning “helper and defender of mankind” Zandrah, Zanndra, Zahndra, Zandria, Zandrea, Zandrya, Zandry, Zandrie, Zondra, Zondria, Zondrya, Zohndra, Zohndria, Zohndrya, Zandree, Zandreah... zandra

(Scandinavian) One who is bold Zain, Zaine, Zayn, Zayne, Zaen, Zaene... zane

(Hebrew) A gracious gift from God Zanetah, Zanita, Zaneeta, Zanetta, Zanyta, Zanete, Zanett, Zanette, Zanitra... zaneta

(Native American) One who is healthy

Zannicka, Zanika, Zanicka, Zannyka, Zanyka... zannika

(Hebrew) One who is prone to for- getfulness Zanoa... zanoah

(Swahili) A beautiful young woman Zantah... zanta

(L.) Spreng.

Habitat: Native to tropical and sub-tropical America; introduced into Indian gardens.

Action: Plant—toxic, insecticidal.

The leaves contain bilobetin, gink- getin and sciadopitysin, which have been isolated from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba Linn. (Ginkgo extract is used for cerebral insufficiency and for improving mental performance in geriatric patients.) Other flavone compounds include amentoflavone, sequoiaflavone and amentoflavone derivatives.... zantedeschia aethiopica

Linn.

Family: Cucurbitaceae.

Habitat: The peninsular India, khasi hills of Meghalaya and the Andamans.

Ayurvedic: Chirpoti, Chirpotaa, Kuntali, Tiktaka.

Siddha/Tamil: Penar-valli.

Folk: Parpoti.

Action: Fruits—cathartic, used for cough and asthma. Leaves— antispasmodic; topically applied to reduce inflammation and irritation. Plant—febrifuge.

Synonym: Richardia africana Kunth.

Family: Araceae.

Habitat: Cooler parts of Bihar and Orissa.

Action: Leaves—used as a poultice on sores, boils, wounds, burns, insect-bites and on painful parts of gout and rheumatism.

The plant contains an acrid juice which is poisonous and irritant; irritation is caused by raphides of calcium oxalate. A toxic principle has been reported from the inflorescence, spathe and flower stem. It produced effect in rabbits ranging from hypo-aesthesia to paralysis.

The flowers contain cytokinin along with swertisin, swertiajaponin, cyani- din, peonidin and ferulic acid.

Roasting and boiling appear to destroy the toxicity of leaves.... zanonia indica

(Greek) Form of Xanthe, meaning “yellow-haired woman; blonde” Zantha, Zanthia, Zanth, Zanthiya, Zanthea, Zantheah... zanthe

DC.

Family: Rutaceae.

Habitat: Sub-tropical Himalaya from Kumaon to Bhutan, and in Khasi hills.

Folk: Nepaali Dhaniyaa, Timur.

Action: Plant—uses similar to Zanthoxylum armatum.

The fruit gave tambulin and tam- buletin. The stem bark contains lig- nans—sesamin, fargesin and eudes- min; triterpenoids—beta-amyrin and beta-amyrenone.

The seeds are extensively used in the preparation of tooth powders.

The essential oil from the seed (from Kanpur) contains d-linalool (37.6), di- pentene+phellandrene (47), citral (6), esters as methyl cinnamate (6.2%) and free acids. Seeds from Sikkim contain 50% d-linalool.... zanthoxylum acanthopodium

Mill.

Family: Rutaceae.

Habitat: Canada and North America.

English: Toothache tree, Prickly Ash.

Action: Bark, berries—used internally and externaly to treat rheumatism and toothache; also for circulatory insufficiency and fevers.

The bark contains alkaloids gamma- fagarine, beta-fagarine, magnoflorine, laurifoline, nitidine, chelerythrine, tembetarine, candicine; coumarins include xanthyletine, xanthoxyletin and alloxanthyletin.

Related species, found in India, give more or less similar pattern of chemical constituents and therapeutic activities. The bark of Z. armatum is used for cleaning teeth. The seeds of Z. acanthopodium are extensively used in the preparation of tooth-powders. The fruits of Z. budrunga and the root of Z. nitidum are prescribed for toothache.... zanthoxylum americanum

DC.

Synonym: Z. alatum Roxb. Z. var. planispinum Sieb. & Zucc.

Family: Rutaceae.

Habitat: Jammu & Kashmir and Garhwal.

English: Toothache tree, Indian Prickly Ash.

Ayurvedic: Tumburu (fruit). Tejabala, Tejaswani, Tejohva, Tejovati (stem bark).

Unani: Faaghir, Kabaab-e- Khandaan.

Siddha: Tejyovathi.

Folk: Nepaali Dhaniyaa.

Action: Stem bark—used in cough, dyspnoea, hiccup, stomatitis, rheumatism. (The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.) Stems and thorns—hypoglycaemic. Bark— used for cleaning teeth, also for treating diarrhoea. Fruits, seeds, bark—carminative, antispasmodic, anthelmintic. Fruits and seeds— used as a tonic in fever, dyspepsia and skin diseases. Essential oil of the fruit—antibacterial, antifungal and deodorant. Used in tooth powders.

The essential oil from dried fruits contains linalool (64.1%), linalyl acetate, citral, geraniol methyl cinna- mate, limonene and sabinene.

Dried bark and branches contain lignans—sesamin, fargesin, eudesmin; a lactone pulviatide; dictamine, 8- hydroxydictamine and gamma-faga- rine; magnoflorine and xanthoplanine. The root contains magnoflorine, xan- thoplanine, skimmianine, dictamine and gamma-fagarine. Seeds contain flavonoids tambulin and tambulol.

Dosage: Stem bark—10-20g for decoction; fruit—3-4 g. (API, Vol. II; Vol. IV.)... zanthoxylum armatum

(Hebrew / Arabic) Form of Sarah, meaning “princess; lady” / day’s awakening; dawn

Zarah, Zarra, Zareh, Zari, Zarie, Zaree, Zarri, Zarrie, Zarry, Zary, Zaria, Zareya, Zarea, Zariya, Zarya, Zarria, Zayra, Zareah, Zarreah, Zarree... zara

(Hebrew) Of the beautiful dawn Zaralinda, Zaralynda, Zarahlindah, Zaralyndah, Zarahlynda, Zarahlyndah, Zaralenda, Zarahlenda... zarahlinda

(Russian / Slavic) Born at sunrise / in mythology, the goddess of beauty; the heavenly bride Zarya, Zariah, Zaryah... zaria

(American) The lion princess Zariell, Zariele, Zarielle, Zariela, Zariella... zariel

(Arabic) One who is successful; moves with grace

Zarifah, Zaryfa, Zaryfah, Zareefa, Zareefah, Zariefa, Zariefah, Zareifa, Zareifah, Zareafa, Zareafah... zarifa

Wall. ex DC.

Synonym: Z. limonella (Dennst.) Alston. Z. rhetsa DC. Fagara budrunga Roxb. F. rhetsa Roxb.

Family: Rutaceae.

Habitat: Meghalaya, foothills of Assam and Peninsular India.

Ayurvedic: Tumburu (Kerala), Ashvaghra, Tejabala.

Siddha/Tamil: Tratechai.

Action: Fruits—used for diarrhoea, dyspepsia; asthma, bronchitis; rheumatism; diseases of the mouth and teeth. Pericarp—astringent, digestive, stimulant. Essential oil—disinfectant, used in infective dermatosis. Bark—cholinergic, diuretic, hypoglycaemic, spasmolytic. Root—emmenagogue, febrifuge.

The trunk-bark from Assam gave alkaloids—chelerythrine (0.014%), evodiamine (0.03%) and hydoxyevodi- amine (0.05%). The essential oil from the fruit contains l-sabinene, alpha- terpinene, beta-phellandrene, 1,4-cine- ole, decanal, octanal, terpinen-4-ol, dihydrocarveol, l-cryptone and cumi- naldehyde.

The essential oil exhibits anti-inflammatory, anaesthetic and antago- nisic activity.

Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC. (Bihar eastwards to Sikkim and Assam) is known as Tezmul in Assam. The root is used in toothache and stomachache.

The plant is used as one of the ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical tablets given to drug addicts for the treatment of withdrawl symptoms.

Methanolic extract of the roots gave nitidine, chelerythrine and isogari- dine. The extract showed antitumour property.

Z. ovalifolium Wight (Eastern Himalayas, Meghalaya, the Western Ghats of South Kanara and Kerala) is known as Armadalu in Karnataka and Diang-shih in Meghalaya (Khasi Hills). The leaf contains diosmetin and the heartwood contains flavonoids of dihydrofisetin and cinnamaldehyde. The bark and fruit possess properties similar to other species of the genus.... zanthoxylum budrunga

Edgew.

Synonym: Xanthoxylon violaceum Wall. Fagara oxyphylla (Edgew.) Engl.

Family: Rutaceae.

Habitat: The Himalayas from Garhwal to Bhutan at 1,8002,700 m, and in Khasi Hills at 1,2001,800 m.

Folk: Mezenga (Assam); Timur, Bhansi (Nepal).

Action: Bark—stimulant, stomachic, sudorific; used in colic; also administered in fevers. Fruits— prescribed for dyspepsia, also for asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism and toothache.

Alkaloids, xanthoxyphyllin and corydine and a lactone 3,5-bis furan 2- one have been isolated from the roots. Stem bark gave zanoxyline and rhetsi- nine. Dried branches with bark gave lignans (sesamin, eudesmin and epi- eudesmin), fluoroquinolone alkaloid gamma-fagarine, triterpenoid lupeol, beta-sitosterol and syringaresinol.... zanthoxylum oxyphyllum

(African) The golden one; made of gold

Zarinah, Zareena, Zareenah, Zarena, Zarinna, Zaryna, Zarynna, Zareana, Zareane, Zarene, Zareene, Zarinne, Zaryne, Zarienah, Zariena, Zareina, Zareinah... zarina

(Spanish) Form of Sarah, meaning “princess; lady”

Zaritah, Zareeta, Zaritta, Zaryta, Zareata, Zarite, Zareete, Zaryte, Zareate, Zarieta, Zarietah, Zareita, Zareitah... zarita

(Arabic) A bright woman Zarminah, Zarmeena, Zarmeenah, Zarmiena, Zarmienah, Zarmeinah, Zarmeina, Zarmyna, Zarmynah, Zarmeana, Zarmeanah... zarmina

(Hindi) Resembling a spring of water Zarnah, Zarnia, Zarniah... zarna

(Arabic) A great huntress Zarolla, Zarolia, Zarolya, Zarolea, Zarolah, Zarollah, Zaroleah, Zaroliah, Zarolyah... zarola

(Arabic) Having bluish-green eyes; from the city of Zarqa Zarqaa... zarqa

(Russian) Form of Sasha, meaning “helper and defender of mankind” Zascha, Zashka, Zasho, Zashenka, Zosha, Zoscha, Zoshka... zasha

(American) A spontaneous young woman

Zashawne, Zashauna, Zashaune, Zashane, Zashayne, Zashaine, Zashaene, Zaseana, Zaseane, Zashona, Zashone... zashawna

(African) She is the crown Zawditu, Zewditu, Zaudytu, Zawdytu, Zewdytu... zauditu

(Spanish) Form of Xaviera, meaning “owner of a new house; one who is bright “ Zavierah, Zavira, Zavera, Zavyera, Zavirah, Zaverah, Zavyerah... zaviera

(English) Form of Sabrina, meaning “a legendary princess” Zavrinah, Zavreena, Zavreenah, Zavriena, Zavrienah, Zavryna, Zavrynah, Zavreina, Zavreinah, Zavreana, Zavreanah... zavrina

(Swahili) A gift; a present Zawati, Zawadia, Zawatia, Zawady, Zawaty, Zawadie, Zawadee, Zawadea, Zawadeah, Zawadey, Zawatie, Zawatey, Zawatee, Zawatea, Zawateah... zawadi

(Tibetan) A victorious woman Zayah... zaya

(Hebrew) From the olive tree Zayita, Zayitah... zayit

(English) A heavenly woman Zayleigh, Zayli, Zaylie, Zaylea, Zayleah, Zayley, Zayly, Zalee, Zaleigh, Zalie, Zali, Zaley, Zaly, Zalea, Zaleah... zaylee

(Tibetan) A beautiful woman Zaypanah, Zaypo, Zaypanna, Zaypannah... zaypana

(Hebrew / Arabic) Belonging to all / one who is flowery Zazah, Zazu, Zazza, Zazzah, Zazzu... zaza

(Polish) An outstanding woman Zazulah, Zazulla, Zazullah... zazula

Boiss.

Family: Labiatae.

Habitat: Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Imported into India.

English: Wild Thyme.

Unani: Saatar Faarsi, Al-Saatar, Origanon.

Action: Herb—stimulant, anti- inflammatory, anodyne, diaphoretic, diuretic, emmenagogue, anthelmintic, antilithic. Detoxifies liver, stomach and intestines. Used for inflammatory conditions of the liver.

Essential oil contained phenols 69% (consisted mainly of carvacrol and traces of thymol) and nonphenols 31% (including p-cymene, cineol, borneol, zatarinol). Besides essential oil, the drug contains alkanes, beta-sitosterol, betulin, fatty acids and triterpenic ke- tones.... zataria multiflora

(Slovene) Feminine form of Zdenek; from Sidon Zdena, Zdenuska, Zdenicka, Zdenika, Zdenyka, Zdeninka, Zdenynka... zdenka

(Czech) Glory of the moment Zdevsa, Zdysa, Zdisa, Zdyska, Zdiska, Zdislava, Zdyslava... zdeslava

(Arabic) One who is distinguished; outstanding... zeahire

(American) One with passion; enthusiastic devotion

Zeale, Zeel, Zeele, Zeyl, Zeyle, Ziel, Ziele... zeal

(Persian) A known beauty Zebbah, Zebara, Zebarah, Zebarra, Zebarrah... zebba

(Greek) One who is gifted Zebinah, Zebeena, Zebeenah, Zebeana, Zebeanah, Zebyna, Zebynah, Zebiena, Zebienah, Zebeina, Zebeinah... zebina

See Scorpaenidae.... zebra fish

(Hebrew) Surrounded by light Zeharah, Zeharra, Zeharrah... zehara

(Hebrew) A golden child Zehava, Zehavi, Zehavit, Zehuva, Zehavie, Zehavee, Zehavea, Zehaveah, Zehavy, Zehavey... zehave

(Hebrew) One who is protected Zehirah, Zeheera, Zehyra, Zehiera, Zeheerah, Zehyrah, Zehierah, Zeheira, Zeheirah, Zeheara, Zehearah... zehira

Thw.

Synonym: Melothria heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn.

Solena heterophylla (Lour.) Cogn.

Family: Cucurbitaceae.

Habitat: Throughout India ascending up to 2,100 m.

Siddha/Tamil: Pulivanji.

Folk: Tarali. Gometi (Maharashtra). Banakakaraa (Punjab). Kudri (Bengal).

Action: Root—used for dysuria and spermatorrhoea. Leaves— topically applied to skin inflammation.

The seed contains linolenic and oleic acids; the root gave columbin.... zehneria umbellata

(Somali) One who is good and well-behaved... zeinab

(Greek) One who is blessed with happiness Zelah... zela

(German) Gray-haired battlemaiden Zeldah, Zelde, Zellda... zelda

(Greek) In mythology, a city that was home to Padarus Zeleiah... zeleia

(English) Of the sunshine Zeline, Zeleen, Zeleene, Zelyn, Zelyne, Zelean, Zeleane, Zelen, Zelein, Zeleine... zelene

(American) One who stays in control Zelfah, Zelpha, Zelphah... zelfa

(Greek / Spanish) Having great zeal / of the sunshine

Zeliah, Zelya, Zelie, Zele, Zelina, Zelinia... zelia

(German) Shield of victory Zelindah, Zelynda, Zalinda, Zalynda, Zelyndah, Zalindah, Zalyndah... zelinda

(German) One who resists Zellah... zella

(German) Form of Selma, meaning “having divine protection” Zelmah, Zalma, Zalmah... zelma

(Hebrew) A joyous melody Zemira, Zemyra, Zimira, Zymira, Zymyra, Zemila, Zemilah, Zemeela, Zemyla, Zimyla, Zymyla... zemirah

(African) One having great fame Zenah, Zina, Zeena, Zenna, Zana, Zeana, Zeina... zena

(Greek) White-winged dove; in mythology, a daughter of Zeus Zenaidah, Zenayda, Zenaide, Zenayde, Zinaida, Zenina, Zenna, Zenaydah, Zenaeda, Zenaedah... zenaida

(Greek) One who is generous... zenas

(Persian) A sacred woman Zendah, Zinda, Zindah, Zynda, Zyndah... zenda

(Russian) Form of Eugenia, meaning “a wellborn woman”... zenechka

(Russian) Form of Genevieve, meaning “of the race of women; the white wave”

Zenavieve, Zeneve, Zeneveeve, Zenevie, Zenivee, Zenivieve, Zennie, Zenny, Zenovera, Zenoveva, Zenica, Zenna, Zenae, Zenaya, Zenowefa, Zinerva, Zinebra, Zinessa, Zinevra... zenevieva

(Greek) Form of Xenia, meaning “one who is hospitable; welcoming” Zeniah, Zeenia, Zenya, Zennia, Zenea, Zeenya... zenia

(Greek) Sign or symbol; in mythology, a child of Zeus Zenobiah, Zenobya, Zenobe, Zenobie, Zenobey, Zenovia, Zenobee, Zenoby, Zenobea, Zenobeah... zenobia

(Russian) One who is born of Zeus... zenochka

(Greek) Of the West wind Zephyra, Zephira, Zephria, Zephra, Zephyer, Zefiryn, Zefiryna, Zefyrin, Zefyrina, Zefyryn, Zefyryna, Zafirin, Zafirina, Zyphire, Zefuyn... zephyr

(English) Born during a beautiful storm

Zepelina, Zeppeleana, Zepeleana, Zeppelyna, Zepelyna, Zeppeleina, Zepeleina, Zeppeliena, Zepeliena, Zeppeleena, Zepeleena... zeppelina

(Hebrew) A sower of seeds Zerah, Zeria, Zeriah, Zera’im, Zerra, Zerrah... zera

(Polish) Form of Geraldina, meaning “one who rules with the spear” Zeraldinah, Zeraldeena, Zeraldeenah, Zeraldiena, Zeraldienah, Zeraldeina, Zeraldeinah, Zeraldyna, Zeraldynah, Zeraldeana, Zeraldeanah... zeraldina

(Turkish) Resembling the wild apricot Zerdalie, Zerdaly, Zerdaley, Zerdalya, Zerdalia, Zerdalee, Zerdalea, Zerdalea... zerdali

(Teutonic) An armored battle- maiden Zerelde, Zereld... zerelda

(Turkish) The golden woman Zerenah, Zereena, Zereenah, Zeriena, Zerienah, Zereina, Zereinah, Zeryna, Zerynah, Zereana, Zereanah... zerena

(Latin) Of the beautiful dawn Zerlinah, Zerleena, Zerlyna, Zerleen, Zerline, Zerlyn, Zerlyne, Zerlean, Zerleane, Zerleana, Zerlee, Zerla, Zerlinda, Zaralinda... zerlina

(Turkish) A golden woman Zerren, Zerran, Zerryn, Zerron... zerrin

(African) The firstborn of twins Zesyro, Zeseero, Zesiero, Zeseiro, Zesearo... zesiro

(American) One with energy and gusto

Zestah, Zestie, Zestee, Zesti, Zesty, Zestey, Zestea, Zesteah... zesta

(Greek) Born last; the sixth letter of the Greek alphabet Zetah... zeta

(Portuguese) Resembling the rose Zettah... zetta

(Greek) In mythology, the daughter of the river Eridanos... zeuxippe

(Chinese) One who is precious and chaste

Zen, Zhena, Zenn, Zhenni... zhen

(African) An African queen Zhengah, Zenga, Zengah... zhenga

(Chinese) An honorable woman... zhong

(Chinese) Having great intelligence... zhuo

(American) Goddess of the sky Ziarr, Zyarre, Zyarr... ziarre

(Armenian) Resembling a rainbow Ziazann, Zyazan, Zyazann... ziazan

(Hungarian) A Gypsy girl Ziganah, Zygana, Zigane, Ziganna, Zigannah, Zyganna, Zygannah, Zyganah... zigana

(Native American) One who spins Zihnah, Zyhna, Zyhnah... zihna

(Hebrew) A shady woman; a shadow Zilyas, Zylias, Zylyas... zilias

(Hebrew) The shadowed one Zilla, Zila, Zyla, Zylla, Zilah, Zylah, Zyllah... zillah

(Hebrew) One who is frail but dignified; in the Bible, a concubine of Jacob Zilpa, Zylpa, Zilpha, Zylpha, Zylpah, Zilphah, Zylphah... zilpah

(Russian) Form of Theresa, meaning “a harvester” Zilyah, Zylya, Zylyah... zilya

(African) Woman from Zimbabwe Zymbab, Zimbob, Zymbob... zimbab

(Hebrew) Song of praise Zimrah, Zimria, Zemira, Zemora, Zamora, Zamira, Zymria, Zamyra... zimra

(Hebrew) My field, my vine Zimzie, Zimzee, Zimzea, Zimzeah, Zimzey, Zimzy... zimzi

(African / English) A secret spirit / welcoming

Zinah, Zyna, Zynah, Zine, Zineh... zina

(Arabic) A decoration; graceful beauty Zeenat, Zynat, Zienat, Zeinat, Zeanat... zinat

(Incan) One who is dearly loved Zinchitah, Zinchyta, Zinchytah, Zincheeta, Zincheetah, Zinchieta, Zinchietah, Zincheita, Zincheitah, Zincheata, Zincheatah... zinchita

(Celtic / Russian) One who is fair; pale / one who is wise Zinervah, Zynerva, Zynervah... zinerva

Roxb.

Synonym: Z. montanum (Koen.) Link ex. A. Dietr. Z. purpureum Rosc.

Family: Zingiberaceae.

Habitat: Wild throughout India, also cultivated in tropical parts of India.

English: Cassumunar Ginger.

Ayurvedic: Vanardraka, Peja, Peyu, Aardikaa, Shringaberikaa.

Folk: Adarakhi, Bana-adarakhi.

Action: Rhizome—carminative, stimulant, antispasmodic. Used for diarrhoea and colic.

The occurance of an active diastase in the rhizome has been reported.

The enzyme resembles in its activity with alpha-amylase of Aspergillus oryzae. The rhizome gave an essential oil consisting of terpinen-4-ol (about 35%); other constituents are alpha- and beta-pinene, sabinene, myrcene, terpinene, limonene, p-cymene and terpinolene. The fresh rhizomes contain phenyl butenoic dimers, along with cyclohexane derivatives. Hex- ane extract of the rhizome contained (E)-4-(3'4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-but-3- en-l-ol, known as compound D. Compound D showed antispasmodic effect on guinea-pig ileum and tracheal smooth muscle, also a dose-related uterine relaxant effect in situ in non- pregnant rats; in pregnant rats the response varied with the period of pregnancy. Aqueous extract of the rhizome showed smooth muscle relaxant and anti-inflammatory activity Antioxi- dant activity was found to be more intense than that of known curcum- inoid antioxidants. It is attributed to cassumunin A.... zingiber cassumunar

Rose. ex.Sm.

Synonym: Z. spurium Koen. Amomum spurium Gmel. A. sylvestre Poir.

Habitat: Throughout India from the Himalayas, southwards. Cultivated in Asian tropics.

English: Zerumbet Ginger.

Ayurvedic: Mahaabhari-vachaa (also equated with Alpinia galanga), Sthula-granthi (also equated with Alpinia speciosa). Source of Martinique Ginger, used as Shunthi in Indian medicine.

Unani: Narkachoor, Zarambaad. (Curcuma caesia is also equated with Narkachoor.)

Folk: Karrallamu (Telugu).

Action: Rhizomes—used for cough, asthma; colic; intestinal worms, and in leprosy and skin diseases. Oil— antiseptic.

The rhizome contains several flavo- noid glycosides and curcumin.

The oil of Zerumbet contains about 13% monoterpenes and several ses- quiterpenes of which humulene and zerumbone are major constituents. The major constituent of monoter- penes is camphene. Unlike the oil of Z. officinale, Zerumbet oil does not contain any methyl heptanone; instead, it contains camphor.

Zerumbone inhibits the growth of Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Indian samples contain only 37.5% of zerumbone, while those from Fiji 58.7, Vietnam 72.3 and Tahiti 65.3%.... zingiber zerumbet

(Latin) A brilliant, showy, rayed flower

Zinia, Zinna, Zinya, Zeenia, Zynia, Zynya, Zinniah, Ziniah... zinnia

(Native American) Resembling a bird that walks... zintka mani

(Native American) Resembling a bird

Zintkalah, Zintkalla, Zintkallah, Zyntkala, Zyntkalah, Zyntkallah, Zyntkalla... zintkala

(Native American) Resembling a flying bird Zintkalah Kinyan, Zintkalla Kinyan, Zintkallah Kinyan, Zyntkala Kinyan, Zyntkalah Kinyan, Zyntkallah Kinyan, Zyntkalla Kinyan... zintkala kinyan

(Native American) Resembling a songbird Zintkalah Lowansa, Zintkalla Lowansa, Zintkallah Lowansa, Zyntkala Lowansa, Zyntkalah Lowansa, Zyntkallah Lowansa, Zyntkalla Lowansa... zintkala lowansa

(Native American) Resembling a bluebird... zintkato

(African) One who is aware Zinyezah, Zynyeza, Zynyezah... zinyeza

(Hebrew) One who symbolizes goodness

Zionah, Zyona, Zyonah... ziona

(Hebrew) A beauty; little bird; in the Bible, the wife of Moses Zippora, Ziporah, Zipora, Zypora, Zyppora, Ziproh, Zipporia... zipporah

(African) The pathway Zirah, Zirra, Zirrah, Zyra, Zyrah, Zyrra, Zyrrah... zira

(Native American) From the water Ziracuni, Ziracunie, Ziracuney, Ziracunee, Ziracunea, Ziracuneah, Zyracuny, Zyracuni, Zyracuni, Zyracunee, Zyracuney, Zyracunea, Zyracuneah... ziracuny

(Hebrew) One who is sweet Zissel, Zisal, Zysel, Zysal, Zyssel, Zissal, Zyssal... zisel

Rosc.

Family: Zingiberaceae.

Habitat: Native to Southeast Asia; now cultivated mainly in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra.

English: Ginger.

Ayurvedic: Fresh rhizome— Aardraka, Aadrikaa, Shrngibera, shrngavera, Katubhadra. Dried rhi- zome—Shunthi, Naagara, Naagaraa, Naagaraka, Aushadha, Mahaushad- ha, Vishvaa, Vishvabheshaja, Vishvaaushadha.

Unani: Fresh rhizome—Zanjabeel- e-Ratab, Al-Zanjabeel. Dried rhizome—zanjabeel, Zanjabeel-e- yaabis.

Siddha: Fresh rhizome—Inji, Allam, Lokottai. Dried rhizome— chukku, Sunthi.

Action: Rhizome—antiemetic, antiflatulent, hypocholesterolaemic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, expectorant, circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, increases bioavailabil- ity of prescription drugs. Used for irritable bowel and diarrhoea, colds and influenza. Showed encouraging results in migraine and cluster headache (J Ethnophar- macol, 1990, 29, 267-273; Aust J Med Herbalism, 1995, 7/3, 6978; Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.) The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends dried rhizomes in dyspepsia, loss of appetite, tympanitis, anaemia, rheumatism, cough and dyspnoea; fresh rhizomes in constipation, colic, oedema and throat infections.

Key application: For dyspepsia and prevention of motion sickness (German Commission E); vomiting of pregnancy, anorexia, bronchitis and rheumatic complaints (The British Herbal Compendium); as a post-operative antiemetic. (ESCOP).

The rhizome contains an essential oil containing monoterpenes, mainly geranial and neral; and sesquiterpenes, mainly beta-sesquiphellandrene, beta- bisabolene, ar-curcumene and alpha- zingiberene; pungent principles, consisting of gingerols, shogaols and related phenolic ketone derivatives. Other constituents include diarylheptenones, diterpenes, gingesulphonic acid and monoacyldigalactosyl glycerols.

Gingerol and shogaol have been shown to suppress gastric contractions. Both fresh and dried rhizomes suppress gastric secretion and reduce vomiting. Gingerol and shogaol have gained importance due to their sedative, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, hypotensive and hepatopro- tective activities.

Cardiotonic effects of ginger has been attributed to 6-and 8-shagaols and gingerols. (Antithrombotic effects remain unconfirmed.) Antimigraine effect is due to ginger's ability to decrease platelet aggregation. It also acts as a potent inhibitor of prostaglandins which enhance release of substance P from trigeminal fibers. (PDR, 2004.)

Indian ginger is considered only second to Jamaican in quality.

There are three main types of Indian ginger—Cochin ginger (light brown or yellowish grey; Calicut ginger from Malabar (orange or reddish brown, resembling African ginger) and Kolkata ginger (greyish brown to greyish blue).... zingiber officinale

(Latin / Spanish) Patron of housewives and servants / little rose Zitah, Zeeta, Zyta, Zeetah, Zytah, Zieta, Zietah, Zeita, Zeitah, Zeata, Zeatah... zita

(Slavic) To live famously Zitomirah, Zytomira, Zitomeera, Zitomyra, Zytomyra, Zytomirah, Zitomeerah, Zytomeera, Zytomeerah... zitomira

(Hebrew) One who is bright, radiant; splendor

Zivah, Zivia, Ziv, Zeeva, Zivi, Zyva, Zivanka... ziva

(Swahili) Woman of the lake Ziwah, Zywa, Zywah... ziwa

Hand.-Mazz.

Habitat: North-east India (as an aquatic grass). (It forms an important parat of the floating grass island in Logtak Lake, Manipur.) Cultivated in China.

English: Zizania.

Action: Clums, rhizomes, grains— used in China against anaemia and fevers, also for heart, kidney and liver affections. The herb exhibits diuretic activity; leaves are rich in vitamin C (142 mg/100 g).... zizania caduciflora

(Hungarian) Dedicated to God Zeezee, Zyzy, Ziezie, Zeazea, Zeyzey... zizi

(Slavic) In mythology, the goddess of love and sexuality

Zezilia, Zizila, Zezila, Zyzilia, Zyzila... zizilia

(Slavic) Feminine form of Zlatan; golden Zlatta, Zlatah, Zlattah ... zlata

(Native American) To be spinning ... zlhna

(Polish) Form of Sophie, meaning “having great wisdom and foresight” Zochah, Zosia, Zotia, Zosiah, Zotiah... zocha

(Slavic) Form of Sophia, meaning “having great wisdom and foresight” Zofiah, Zophia, Zophiah, Zophya, Zofie, Zofee, Zofey, Zofi, Zofy, Zophee, Zophy, Zophie, Zophi, Zophey... zofia

(Hebrew) Emanating a brilliant light; sparkle

Zohara, Zohera, Zoheret, Zohra, Zoharra, Zoharah, Zoharrah, Zoharr... zohar

(Persian) One who brings happiness

Zohrah, Zahrah, Zehrah... zohreh

(Italian / African) A piece of earth / one who is quiet and tranquil Zolah, Zoela, Zoila, Zolla, Zollah... zola

(Latin) A decorative sash; belt Zonah, Zonia, Zonna, Zonnah... zona

(Burm. f) Wight & Arn.

Synonym: Z. rotundifolia Lam. Rhamnus nummularia Burm. f.

Family: Rhamnaceae.

English: Wild Jujube.

Ayurvedic: Karkandhu.

Unani: Jharber, Sadarber.

Action: Fruit—cooling and astringent. Prescribed for bilious affections. Leaves—used in scabies and other skin diseases.

The root bark contains 12% of tannin and cyclopeptide alkaloids—num- mularines A, B and C, mucronine D and amphibine H. The leaves contain ascorbic acid. Nummularine M, R and S, besides frangufoline have been isolated from the stem bark. Num- mularine R and S showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, while frangufoline was active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The alkaloid fraction, obtained from the bark, showed significant analgesic activity.... ziziphus nummularia

Mill.

Synonym: Rhamnus oenoplia L.

Family: Rhamnaceae.

Habitat: North India and both the Peninsulas.

English: Jackal Jujube.

Ayurvedic: Laghu-badara, Shrgaala- badari.

Siddha/Tamil: Soorai.

Action: Fruits—stomachic. Root— given for hyperacidity and ascaris infection.

Stem bark and root bark contain cy- clopeptide alkaloids—zizyphines A, B, C, D, E, F and G, and zizyphinine. The bark contains 12% tannin.

Aerial parts exhibit diuretic and hy- potensive activity.... ziziphus oenoplia

Lam.

Siddha/Tamil: Charai Kattu Ilandai, Kottaimaram, Todari.

Folk: Churnaa, Sekaraa (Bihar); Torana (Gujarat).

Action: Bark—astringent, an- tidiarrhoeal. Flowers—used in prescriptions for menorrhagia. Stem and fruit—hypotensive.

The bark contains vanillic acid, be- tulin, betulinic acid, kaempferol, quer- cetin, myricetin, apigenin and apige- nin-7-O-glucoside. The bark also contains several N-formyl cyclopeptide alkaloids.

The triterpene saponins isolated from the bark showed CNS depressant, tranquilizing and analgesic activity in albino rats and produced no hepato- toxicity. The cyclopeptide alkaloids of the plant show antibacterial as well as antifungal activity.... ziziphus rugosa

Two names for the eruption popularly known as shingles. (See HERPES ZOSTER.)... zona and zoster

(Native American) An honest woman... zonta

A specialised structure serving as an organ of a siphonophore such as Physalia. Different individuals in the colony often take on specialised functions such as feeding, defence and reproduction - up to a thousand zooids maybe found in a single colony.... zooid

(American) An energetic woman Zoomi, Zoomie, Zoomy, Zoomey, Zoomee, Zoomea, Zoomeah... zoom

Animal diseases which can be transmitted to humans. There are more than 150 infections of domestic and wild vertebrates which can be transmitted in this way, including BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE), bovine tuberculosis, BRUCELLOSIS, HYDATID cysts, RINGWORM, TOXOCARIASIS, TOXOPLASMOSIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS, LISTERIOSIS, and RABIES.... zoonoses

(Slavic) Born at dawn; aurora Zorah, Zorna, Zorra, Zorya, Zorane, Zory, Zorrah, Zorey, Zoree, Zorea, Zoreah, Zori, Zorie... zora

(Slavic) A heavenly and delicate woman

Zorale, Zorall, Zoral... zoralle

Roxb.

Synonym: Z. glabrata Heyne ex Roth.

Family: Rhamnaceae.

Habitat: Gujarat, Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and Kerala at low elevations.

English: Jagged Jujube.

Siddha/Tamil: Karakattam.

Action: Leaf—depurative; employed to purify blood and as an alterative in chronic venereal affections.

Habitat: Lac host in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.

Ayurvedic: Ghontaa, Ghonta-Phala. (Rangeeni lac is recovered from the tree.)

Siddha: Kottei. Kombarakku (lac).

Action: Astringent.

Fruit contains catechol-type tannins (8-12%), bark contains 7.2% tannins.

Alcoholic extract of the bark possesses anti-nociceptive, anti-convul- sant and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant contains alkaloids, am- phibine H and nummularine K. Both the alkaloids showed significant antimicrobial activity.

Host plant of Laccifer sp. (L. indicola Kapur, synonym L. indica Misra and L. jhansiensis Misra) is Z. mauri- tiana Lam. in Bihar and Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh). Lac is styptic, used in hae- matemesis; promotes tissue regeneration and wound healing. Applied to carries and diseased dentition.... ziziphus trinervia

(Sanskrit) A woman of power Zordena, Zoranah, Zordenah, Zorrana, Zorranna... zorana

(Slavic) Form of Zora, meaning “born at dawn; aurora”

Zorka, Zorcka, Zorkah, Zorckah, Zorke... zore

(Basque) One who is lucky Zoriah... zoria

(Slavic) Golden-haired woman Zorinah, Zoryna, Zoreena, Zoreane, Zoreana, Zorean, Zoree, Zoreen, Zoreene, Zorie, Zori, Zorin, Zorine, Zoryne... zorina

(Basque) One who is happy... zoriona

(L.) Pers.

Family: Papilionaceae; Fabaceae.

Habitat: Throughout plains of India, ascending up to 1,200 m in Kumaon.

Folk: Samraapani (Gujarat), Dupatiyaa.

Action: Herb—used for the treatment of dysentery. Root— given to induce sleep.

The herb, collected at the flowering stage from Mumbai, contained silica 3.87, calcium 1.02, magnesium 1.00, potassium 0.53, phosphorus 0.18%; iodine content 0.026-00.049 ppm (dry- matter basis).... zornia diphylla

(Greek) A lively and energetic woman Zosah... zosa

Hoffm.

Synonym: Z. absinthifolia Link.

Family: Umbelliferae; Apiaceae.

Habitat: West Asia. Recorded from Maharashtra.

Action: Herb—used for cough and bowel disorders.

The fruits and roots yield a mixture of coumarin lactones, 1.5% and 3.2% respectively; these include two isomeric dihydrofurocoumarins—zosimin and deltonin. On saponification, zosimin yielded a hydroxyacetone called zosi- mol and cis-2,3-dimethyl acrylic acid. It showed antitumour activity against Ehrlich ascites cells in vitro.

Herbal cheese is prepared from the fresh leaves and stems in Turkey.... zosima orientalis

(Greek) Form of Sophia, meaning “having great wisdom and foresight” Zsofie, Zsofi, Zsofiah, Zsophia, Zsophie, Zsophi, Zsofika... zsofia

(English) One who is musically talented

Zubah, Zubba, Zubbah... zuba

(Arabic) A laborer; a hardworking woman

Zubaidah, Zubayda, Zubaydah, Zubaeda, Zubaedah... zubaida

(Swahili) The best one Zubedah... zubeda

(Arabic) A laborer; a hardworking woman

Zudorah, Zudorra, Zudorrah... zudora

(African) One who is brilliant; from the town of Zula

Zul, Zulay, Zulae, Zulai, Zulah, Zulla, Zullah... zula

(Arabic) One who is brilliant and lovely; fair

Zuleikah, Zulaykha, Zeleeka, Zulekha, Zuleyka... zuleika

(Arabic) Form of Salama, meaning “one who is peaceful and safe” Zulima, Zuleima, Zulemah, Zulimah, Zalama, Zulyma, Zuleyma, Zuleyka... zulema

(Arabic) A vibrant woman Zulmah... zulma

Typically means “fresh juice of (plant name)”; can also refer to the seed oil of a plant. Look up the plant name which follows this description of the plant preparation used. To prepare a zumo, the fresh or raw plant part used (whether a fruit, leaf, root, seed or entire plant) is squeezed, liquefied in a blender or juicer or grated and strained to extract its juice. This preparation may be administered orally or topically.... zumo de

(Native American) One who is creative Zunie, Zuny, Zuney, Zunee, Zunea, Zuneah... zuni

(Arabic) A lovely woman Zurafah, Zirafa, Zirafah, Ziraf, Zurufa, Zurufah, Zuruf, Zuraffa, Zuraffah... zurafa

(Swahili / French) A beauty / lovely and white

Zurie, Zurey, Zuria, Zuriaa, Zury, Zuree, Zurya, Zurisha, Zurea, Zureah... zuri

(Hebrew) The Lord is my rock Zurielle, Zurial, Zuriella, Zuriela, Zuriele, Zuriale, Zurialle... zuriel

(Spanish) One who is fair-skinned Zurinah, Zurine, Zurinia, Zurinna, Zureena, Zureenah, Zurienah, Zuriena, Zureina, Zureinah, Zurynah, Zuryna... zurina

(African) One who is pleasant and good

Zuwenah, Zwena, Zwenah, Zuwenna, Zuwennah, Zuwyna, Zuwynah... zuwena

(Sioux) One who has a brave heart Zuyanah, Zuyanna, Zuyannah... zuyana

(Polish) Form of Susan, meaning “resembling a graceful white lily” Zuzah, Zusa, Zuzia, Zuzu, Zuzana, Zuzka, Zuzanka, Zuzanny... zuza

(Basque) One who is correct Zuzenah, Zuzenna, Zuzennah... zuzena

(Arabic) A beautiful woman Zweenah, Zwina, Zwinah, Zwyna, Zwynah, Zwiena, Zwienah, Zweina, Zweinah, Zweana, Zweanah... zweena

Linn.

Family: Zygophyllaceae.

Habitat: Arid and sandy tracts of Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Folk: Alethi (Punjab), Lunio, Lunwaa (Rajasthan).

Action: Leaves and seeds—an infusion is applied to the eyes in ophthalmia and glucoma. Seeds— anthelmintic.

An acylated glycoside was isolated from aerial parts. Isorhamnetin, its 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O- rutinoside, sitosterol glucoside and quinovic acid-3 alpha-L-rhamnoside were present in the herb.

An infusion of the leaves acts as a skin cleanser. The plant contains free ascorbic acid. The leaves and fruits contain kaempferol; quercetin (0.10 mg/g dry weight) is present in fruits.... zygophyllum simplex

(Greek) Form of Xylia, meaning “a woodland dweller”

Zyliah, Zylea, Zyleah, Zilia, Zylina, Zyline, Zylin, Zylyn, Zylyna, Zilina, Ziline, Zilyna, Zilin... zylia

Subtypes of a microbial species that are separated on the basis of their isoenzyme patterns (eg. zymodemes of Entamoeba histolytica). ... zymodeme

(Polish) Form of Theresa, meaning “a harvester” Zytta, Zytah, Zyttah... zyta

(Polish) Resembling a rose; form of Zoe, meaning “a life-giving woman; alive” Zytkah, Zytcka, Zytckah... zytka

Ligustrum lucidum. Part used: berries.

Action. Diuretic, immune-stimulant, tonic. Kidney regulator.

Uses: Mild kidney disorders, menopause, irritability, hyperactivity. Recovery after hysterectomy. ... nu zhen zi

The virus that causes chickenpox and shingles.... varicella–zoster

See zygote intrafallopian transfer.... zift

A rare condition characterized by severe and recurrent peptic ulcers in the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum (the 2nd part of the small intestine). Zollinger–Ellison syndrome is caused by 1 or more tumours in the pancreas that secrete the hormone gastrin. Gastrin stimulates production of large quantities of acid by the stomach, which leads to ulceration. The high levels of acid in the digestive tract often also cause diarrhoea.

The tumours are cancerous, but of a slow-growing type.

If possible, they are removed surgically.

Proton pump inhibitor drugs are given to treat the ulcers.... zollinger–ellison syndrome

A type of in vitro fertilization, also referred to as , in which ova are fertilized outside the body and returned to a fallopian tube rather than to the uterus.... zygote intrafallopian transfer

an antibiotic effective against a number of microorganisms. Combined with polymyxin B, it is applied externally to treat infections of the skin and eyes.... bacitracin zinc

see osteomalacia. [E. Looser (1877–1936), Swiss surgeon]... looser zone

the area of the *cervix of the uterus where the squamous epithelium, which covers the vaginal portion of the cervix, joins with the columnar epithelium, which forms the lining (endocervix) of the cervical canal.... transformation zone

n. see leukotriene receptor antagonist.... zafirlukast

n. see hypnotic.... zaleplon

n. see ranitidine.... zantac

n. see lutein.... zeaxanthin

n. a protein found in maize.... zein

an acid-fast *carbol fuchsin stain used specifically for identifying the tubercle bacillus. [F. Ziehl (1857–1926), German bacteriologist; F. K. A. Neelsen (1854–94), German pathologist]... ziehl–neelsen stain

a combination of severe *hyperlipidaemia, haemolytic *anaemia, and *jaundice seen in susceptible individuals drinking alcohol to excess. [L. Zieve (1915–2000), US physician]... zieve’s syndrome

a mosquito-borne virus that usually causes mild symptoms in humans, including fever, skin rashes, muscle and joint pain, and headache. However, infection during pregnancy can result in brain abnormalities of the fetus, notably *microcephaly. Zika virus can also trigger *Guillain–Barré syndrome. Infection is usually from a mosquito bite, although the virus may also be transmitted by sexual intercourse.... zika virus

a preparation used in the treatment of proven zinc deficiency.... zinc sulphate

(zinc undecylenate) an antifungal agent with uses similar to those of *undecenoic acid.... zinc undecenoate

(zolendronate) a *bisphosphonate drug that is used to treat Paget’s disease and malignant *hypercalcaemia and is also establishing a role in treating bone metastases, both in terms of symptom relief and preventing bone fractures.... zoledronic acid

n. see 5HT1 agonist.... zolmitriptan

n. see zonule.... zonula

(zonula) n. (in anatomy) a small band or zone; for example the zonule of Zinn (zonula ciliaris) is the suspensory ligament of the eye. —zonular adj.... zonule

n. excessively strong fear of animals. See phobia.... zoophobia

n. an ion that bears a positive and a negative charge. Amino acids can yield zwitterions.... zwitterion

n. see bupropion.... zyban

(zygoma, malar bone) either of a pair of bones that form the prominent part of the cheeks and contribute to the orbits. See skull.... zygomatic bone

n. the second stage of the first prophase of *meiosis, in which the homologous chromosomes form pairs (bivalents).... zygotene

n. see proenzyme.... zymogen

n. the science of the study of yeasts and fermentation.... zymology

n. 1. the process of *fermentation, brought about by yeast organisms. 2. the changes in the body that occur in certain infectious diseases, once thought to be the result of a process similar to fermentation. —zymotic adj.... zymosis

an old name for a contagious disease, which was formerly thought to develop within the body following infection in a process similar to the fermentation and growth of yeast.... zymotic disease