Elastin Health Dictionary

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Elastin: From 1 Different Sources

Elastic Tissue

CONNECTIVE TISSUE which contains a profusion of yellow elastic ?bres. Long, slender and branching, these ?bres (made up of elastin, an albumin-like PROTEIN) ensure that the elastic tissue is ?exible and stretchable. The dermis layer of the skin, arterial walls and the alveolar walls in the LUNGS all contain elastic tissue.... elastic tissue

Aorta

The large vessel which opens out of the left ventricle of the HEART and carries blood to all of the body. It is about 45 cm (1••• feet) long and 2·5 cm (1 inch) wide. Like other arteries it possesses three coats, of which the middle one is much the thickest. This consists partly of muscle ?bre, but is mainly composed of an elastic substance called elastin. The aorta passes ?rst to the right, and lies nearest the surface behind the end of the second right rib-cartilage; then it curves backwards and to the left, passes down behind the left lung close to the backbone, and through an opening in the diaphragm into the abdomen. There it divides, at the level of the navel, into the two common iliac arteries, which carry blood to the lower limbs.

Its branches, in order, are: two coronary arteries to the heart wall; the brachiocephalic, left common carotid, and left subclavian arteries to the head, neck and upper limbs; several small branches to the oesophagus, bronchi, and other organs of the chest; nine pairs of intercostal arteries which run around the body between the ribs; one pair of subcostal arteries which is in series with the intercostal arteries; four (or ?ve) lumbar arteries to the muscles of the loins; coeliac trunk to the stomach, liver and pancreas; two mesenteric arteries to the bowels; and suprarenal, renal and testicular arteries to the suprarenal body, kidney, and testicle on each side. From the termination of the aorta rises a small branch, the median sacral artery, which runs down into the pelvis. In the female the ovarian arteries replace the testicular.

The chief diseases of the aorta are ATHEROMA

and ANEURYSM. (See ARTERIES, DISEASES OF; COARCTATION OF THE AORTA.)... aorta

Saccharum Officinarum

Linn.

Family: Gramineae; Poaceae.

Habitat: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Punjab.

English: Sugarcane, Noble Cane.

Ayurvedic: Ikshu, Dirgha-chhada, Bhuurirasa, Morata, Asipatra, Madhutrna, Gudamuula, Trnarasa.

Unani: Gannaa, Naishakar.

Siddha/Tamil: Karumbu, Nanal.

Action: Cane Juice—restorative, cooling, laxative, demulcent, diuretic, antiseptic. Used in general debility, haemophilic conditions, jaundice and urinary diseases.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia recommends the juice of the stem in haemorrhagic diseases and anuria; and the root in dysuria.

Sugarcane juice contains surcose (70-80% of soluble solids in the juice), glucose and fructose. Non-sugar constituents present in the cane juice are carbohydrates other than sugars. As- paragine and glutamine are prominent amino acids in the juice. Other amino acids include alanine, gamma- amino butyric acid, aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine, leucine, lysine, serine and tyrosine. The presence of phenylalanine, histidine, valine, proline, threonine and arginine, pipecolic acid, methionine and tryptophan has also been reported.

Aconitic acid constitutes about three-fourths of the total carboxylic acid present in the juice.

Vitamins present in the juice are: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and vitamin D; enzymes include diastase, invertase, lac- tase, peroxidase, tyrosinase.

Phenols in the cane juice are mainly polyphenols from tannin and antho- cyanin from the rind.

Cane juice contains glycolic acid which improves skin complexion as it has antiwrinkle effect, prevents scaly growth and increases natural collagen and elastin in the skin.

Enzymes present in the seeds include large quantities of diastase and invertase.

An ester, vanilloyl-l-O-beta-D-glu- coside, has been isolated from the bagasse.

The leaves contain alpha-amylase and glutathione-S-transferase.

Dosage: Stem—200-400 ml juice; rootstock—15-30 g for decoction. (API, Vol. IV.)... saccharum officinarum

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

a rare inherited disorder associated with lung and liver diseases. It is caused by a deficiency of ?1-antitrypsin, a plasma globulin whose role is to inhibit the action of various protease enzymes (including trypsin), which protect the lungs against the action of the enzyme neutrophil elastase. This results in degradation of the *elastin of alveolar walls as well as structural proteins in other tissues, including the liver. Although many patients present in childhood, the disorder can occur in adults as well.... alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Elastase

n. an enzyme that breaks down various proteins including elastin, which has a role in the connective tissue matrix. Pancreatic elastase, secreted by the pancreas, is not degraded in the small or large intestine; therefore its concentration in the stools expresses the functioning of the pancreas, which is the basis for the faecal pancreatic elastase test. In patients who have suspected pancreatic insufficiency, faecal pancreatic elastase is suppressed or absent. Patients at risk include those with chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, pancreatic cancer, or previous pancreatic surgery.... elastase

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