Endotracheal catheters are used to pass Health Dictionary

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Endotracheal Catheters Are Used To Pass: From 1 Different Sources

down the TRACHEA into the lungs, usually in the course of administering anaesthetics (see under ANAESTHESIA).

Eustachian catheters are small catheters that are passed along the ?oor of the nose into the Eustachian tube in order to in?ate the ear.

Nasal catheters are tubes passed through the nose into the stomach to feed a patient who cannot swallow – so-called nasal feeding.

Rectal catheters are passed into the RECTUM in order to introduce ?uid into the rectum.

Suprapubic catheters are passed into the bladder through an incision in the lower abdominal wall just above the pubis, either to allow urine to drain away from the bladder, or to wash out an infected bladder.

Ureteric catheters are small catheters that are passed up the ureter into the pelvis of the kidney, usually to determine the state of the kidney, either by obtaining a sample of urine direct from the kidney or to inject a radio-opaque substance preliminary to X-raying the kidney. (See PYELOGRAPHY.)

Urethral catheters are catheters that are passed along the urethra into the bladder, either to draw o? urine or to wash out the bladder.

It is these last three types of catheters that are most extensively used.

Health Source: Medical Dictionary
Author: Health Dictionary

Passive Movement

A movement induced by someone other than the patient. Physiotherapists (see PHYSIOTHERAPY) manipulate joints by passive movement in order to retain and encourage function of a nerve or muscle that is not working normally because of injury or disease.... passive movement

Air Passages

These are the nose, pharynx or throat (the large cavity behind the nose and mouth), larynx, trachea or windpipe, and bronchi or bronchial tubes. On entering the nose, the air passes through a high narrow passage on each side, the outer wall of which has three projections (the nasal conchae). It then passes down into the pharynx where the food and air passages meet and cross. The larynx lies in front of the lower part of the pharynx and is the organ where the voice is produced (see VOICE AND SPEECH) by aid of the vocal cords. The opening between the cords is called the glottis, and shortly after passing this the air reaches the trachea or windpipe.

The windpipe leads into the chest and divides above the heart into two bronchi, one of which goes to each lung, in which it splits into ?ner and ?ner tubes (see LUNGS). The larynx is enclosed in two strong cartilages: the thyroid (of which the most projecting part, the Adam’s apple, is a prominent point on the front of the neck), and the cricoid (which can be felt as a hard ring about an inch below the thyroid). Beneath this, the trachea – which is sti?ened by rings of cartilage so that it is never closed, no matter what position the body is in – can be traced down until it disappears behind the breastbone.... air passages

Catheters

Hollow tubes, usually made of rubber or plastic, used for passing into various organs of the body, either for investigational purposes or to give some form of treatment. They are used under strict sterile conditions.

Cardiac catheters are introduced through a vein in the arm and passed into the heart in order to diagnose some of the more obscure forms of congenital heart disease, and often as a preliminary to operating on the heart.... catheters

Endotracheal Intubation

Insertion of a rubber or plastic tube through the nose or mouth into the TRACHEA. The tube often has a cu? at its lower end which, when in?ated, provides an airtight seal. This allows an anaesthetist to supply oxygen or anaesthetic gases to the lungs with the knowledge of exactly how much the patient is receiving. Endotracheal intubation is necessary to undertake arti?cial ventilation of a patient (see ANAESTHESIA).... endotracheal intubation

Passiflora Edulis

Sims.

Family: Passifloraceae.

Habitat: Native of Brazil; cultivated in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, in North India in Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

English: Purple Granadilla, Passion Fruit.

Action: Juice from purple fruit— a good source of ascorbic acid (contains up to 75 mg/100 g), carotene and sugars.

The juice from the yellow variety (equated with Passiflora edulis f. flavi- carpa) contains lesser amounts of ascorbic acid and sugars.

The purple Passion fruit contains the C-glucoside, beta-ionyl-beta-D- glucopyranoside. A protease inhibitor (PEPI) has been isolated from the juice. PEPI inhibited trypsin and chy- motrypsin activities, but did not inhibit papain activity. The esters and terpenoids form the major part of fruit components. The terpenoids include a number of monoterpenes (including hydroxylated linalool derivatives), and monoterpene glycosides. Norter- penoid aglycones have also been found.

The yellow Passion fruit contains sulfur-containing volatiles, acetates, butanoates and hexanoates of 3-mer- captohexanol. The leaves contain C- glycosylflavonoids.... passiflora edulis

Passiflora Foetida

Linn.

Family: Passifloraceae.

Habitat: Native to America; found willd in Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

English: Stinking Passion Flower.

Siddha/Tamil: Siru Ponaikalli.

Action: Leaves and roots—em- menagogue, antihysteric. Fruits— emetic. A decoction is used for biliousness and asthma (for expelling bile and cough).

The plant contains C-glycosides of apigenin and luteolin. Apigenin-8- C-glucoside has been detected in the plant.... passiflora foetida

Passiflora Incarnata

Linn.

Family: Passifloraceae.

Habitat: Native of South-east America; grown in Indian gardens.

English: Wild Passion Flower, Maypop.

Action: Flowering and fruiting dried herb—mild sedative, hypnotic, tranquilizer, hypotensive, vasodilator, antispasmodic, anodyne, anti-inflammatory,

Key application: In nervous restlessness, irritability and difficulty in falling asleep. (German Commission E, ESCOP, The British Herbal Compendium, The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, WHO.) The British Herbal Compendium also indicated it in neuralgia, dysmenorrhoea, and nervous tachycardia.

The herb contains flavonoids (up to 2.5%), in particular C-glycosylflavones; cyanogenic glycoside, gynocardine.

The alkaloid harman has been isolated, but the presence of harmine, har- maline, harmol and harmalol has been disputed. The alkaloid and flavonoids are reported to have sedative activity in animals. Apigenin exhibits antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Passion Flower was formerly approved as an OTC sedative in the USA, but it was taken off the market in 1978 because safety and effectiveness had not been proven. An animal study in 1977 suggested that apigenin binds to central benzodi-zepine receptors (possibly causing anxiolytic effects). (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

The drug is used in homoeopathic medicine for epilepsy.

The herb exhibits a motility-inhi- biting effect in animal experiments.

Passion Flower, used as an adjunct to clonidine, was superior to clonidine for mental symptoms of opiate withdrawal. (Sharon M. Herr.)... passiflora incarnata

Passiflora Laurifolia

Linn.

Family: Passifloraceae.

Habitat: Native of tropical America; grown in Indian gardens.

English: Water-lemon, Jamaica Honey Suckle.

Action: Leaves—anthelmintic. Seeds—hypnodil. Fruit—edible. Plant—poisonous (the foliage produces hydrocyanic acid).

The fruit pulp contains pantothenic acid (1.55 mg/100 g); leaves contain 387 mg/100 g vitamin C.... passiflora laurifolia

Passiflora Quadrangularis

Linn.

Family: Passifloraceae.

Habitat: Native of tropical America; grown in Indian gardens.

English: Giant Granadilla.

Action: Fruit—edible; contains 64 mg/100 g ascorbic acid; narcotic when eaten in excess. Leaves, the peel and seeds of green fruit, and roots—cyanogenetic. Roots— poisonous.

The root contains an alkaloid Passiflora which is identical with harman from Passiflora incarnata.... passiflora quadrangularis

Passion

(American) A sensual woman Pashon, Pashun, Pasyun, Passyun... passion

Passion Flower

Peace, Sleep, Friendship ... passion flower

Passionfruit Tea

Passionfruit Tea is known for its astringent and slightly sweet and fruity taste. It is typically made out of a black tea base that has been infused with the essence and flavor of passionfruit. The passionfruit (passiflora edulis) is native to northern and central South America. It can be recognized by its round to oval shape, having either yellow or dark purple color. It has a juicy interior, full with a lot of seeds. Passionfruit Tea is rich in antioxidants, amino acids, vitamins (B, C and E) and minerals (magnesium and potassium). How To Make Passionfruit Tea To brew Passionfruit Tea, you will have to place 1 teaspoon of loose-leaf tea or 1 passionfruit teabag in a cup of boiled water. Let the mix steep for about 3-4 minutes and then, pour the tea into your cup using a strainer to catch the leaves (if you are making tea out of leaves). You can sweeten the tea by adding honey or sugar. The best thing about this tea is that it can be drank either hot or cold. Passionfruit Tea Benefits
  • Lowers the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
  • Provides relaxation.
  • Improves digestion.
  • Due to its antioxidant content, Passionfruit Tea may help lowering the risk of developing tumors and cancer.
  • Strengthens the immune system.
  • Fights skin and tissue damage.
Passionfruit Tea Side Effects Passionfruit Tea has not presented any severe side effects. However, it does have some possible side effects that should be taken into consideration when drinking any type of tea.
  • Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid drinking Passionfruit Tea.
  • Passionfruit Tea may interact with the effects of some medications, so consult your doctor before drinking passionfruit tea.
  • People with blood sugar problems should also avoid drinking Passionfruit Tea.
Passionfruit Tea makes an excellent fruit tea option. It can be drank either hot or cold, so it is ideal for both winter and summer! Just make sure you enjoy all its benefits!... passionfruit tea

Passive Intervention

Health promotion and disease prevention initiatives which do not require the direct involvement of the individual (e.g. fluoridation programmes) are termed “passive”.... passive intervention

Endotracheal Tube

A tube that is passed into the trachea through the nose or mouth that enables delivery of oxygen during artificial ventilation or of anaesthetic gases (see anaesthesia) during surgery. An inflatable cuff around the lower end of the endotracheal tube prevents secretions or stomach contents from entering the lungs.... endotracheal tube

Passive Smoking

Involuntary inhalation of tobacco smoke by people who do not smoke. Passive smoking has been shown to increase the risks of chest and ear infections in children and of tobaccoinduced cancers in adults.... passive smoking

Active/passive

adj. the ethical distinction between actively doing something to a patient and simply allowing it to happen or failing to act (the acts and omissions doctrine). For instance, doctors should act to save life if possible, but when death is inevitable it is permissible to let it happen, although the prohibition against killing would not allow active intervention. See also dying.... active/passive

Endotracheal

adj. within or through the trachea (windpipe). See intubation.... endotracheal

First-pass Metabolism

a process in which a drug administered by mouth is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported via the portal vein to the liver, where it is metabolized. As a result, in some cases only a small proportion of the active drug reaches the systemic circulation and its intended target tissue. First-pass metabolism can be bypassed by giving the drug via sublingual or buccal routes.... first-pass metabolism

Passivity

n. (in psychiatry) a *Schneiderian first-rank symptom in which a patient has the impression that his or her feelings or actions are those of another or others, usually an unknown outside power.... passivity

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