Acute inflammation of the skin, and sometimes of the mucous membranes. The disease can occur as a reaction to certain drugs, or may accompany viral infections such as herpes simplex or bacterial infections such as streptococcal infections. Other possible causes are pregnancy, vaccination, and radiotherapy. Half of all cases occur for no apparent reason.
A symmetrical rash of red, often itchy spots erupts on the limbs and sometimes on the face and the rest of the body. The spots may blister or form raised, pale-centred weals, called target lesions. Those affected may have a fever, sore throat, headache, and/or diarrhoea. In a severe form of erythema multiforme, known as Stevens–Johnson syndrome, the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, and genitals are affected and become ulcerated.
Corticosteroid drugs may be given to reduce the inflammation. People with Stevens–Johnson syndrome are also given analgesic drugs and may need intensive care.
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