Gastr: From 1 Different Sources
(gastro-) combining form denoting the stomach. Examples: gastrocolic (relating to the stomach and colon); gastrointestinal (relating to the stomach and intestines).
Inflammation of the mucous coat of the stomach and intestine due to bacterial infection... gastroenteritis
Inflammation of the stomach lining, with either congested and boggy or inflamed membranes. It may be caused by bacteria and yeast or chemical irritation like alcohol, but most frequently it is the result of emotional stress and inappropriate patterns of eating.... gastritis
A usually chronic condition, started by irritation, with congestion in time, leading to edema, blistering, and the formation of an ulcer. Hylobacter infections seem to prolong and aggravate the condition, but the presence alone of the bacteria, without functional impairment, will not begin the disease. Possessing a certain “workaholic” panache...even boasted of in some business circles as if to validate one’s work ethic, it nonetheless is fatal if untreated.... gastric ulcer
Pertaining to the stomach.... gastric
A hormone produced by the MUCOUS MEMBRANE in the pyloric part of the STOMACH. The arrival of food stimulates production of the hormone which in turn stimulates the production of gastric juice.... gastrin
An operation performed usually in order to relieve some obstruction to the outlet from the STOMACH. One opening is made in the lower part of the stomach; another in a neighbouring loop of the small intestine. The two are then stitched together.... gastroenterostomy
An operation on the STOMACH by which, when the gullet is blocked by a tumour or other cause, an opening is made from the front of the abdomen into the stomach, so that ?uid food can be passed into the organ.... gastrostomy
Pain in the stomach... gastralgia
The large double muscle which forms the chief bulk of the calf, and ends below in the tendo calcaneus.... gastrocnemius
A surgical operation to join the DUODENUM to a hole made in the STOMACH wall to circumvent an obstruction in the gut – for example, PYLORIC STENOSIS – or to improve the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum.... gastroduodenostomy
The passage along which the food passes, in which it is digested (see DIGESTION), and from which it is absorbed by lymphatics and blood vessels into the circulation. The tract consists of the mouth, pharynx or throat, oesophagus or gullet, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, in this order. For details, see articles under these headings. The total length in humans is about 9 metres.... gastrointestinal tract
An endoscopic instrument (see ENDOSCOPE) for viewing the interior of the STOMACH. Introduced into the stomach via the mouth and OESOPHAGUS, the long ?exible instrument (also called an oesophagogastroduodenoscope) transmits an image through a ?breoptic bundle or by a small video camera. The operator can see and photograph all areas of the stomach and also take biopsy specimens when required. (See also FIBREOPTIC ENDOSCOPY.)... gastroscope
See: REFLUX. ... gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
The study of the digestive system and the diseases and disorders affecting it.... gastroenterology
Hair-like appendages in the stomach of most cubozoan jellyfish. They contain nematocysts and aid in digestion.... gastric cirri
A method of gastric decontamination used in the treatment of poisoning. It is not used routinely. Lavage involves the passage of a lubricated tube via the mouth and OESOPHAGUS into the stomach. Patients are positioned on their side with the head lower than the feet. A small quantity of ?uid (300 ml) is passed into the stomach and the contents then drained out (by gravity) by lowering the end of the tube. This is repeated until the solution is clear of particulate matter. The procedure should be done only by an experienced health professional.... gastric lavage
Pain in the stomach... gastrodynia
The involuntary regurgitation of stomach contents or surface acids into the throat, with heartburn; it can be simple or serious.... gastroesophageal reflux
Ulceration of the stomach... gastrohelcosis
Enlargement of the stomach... gastromegaly
Any disease of the stomach... gastropathy
The digestive system of the cnidarian, consisting of the stomach and its connecting canals which perform a similar task to vascular system of higher orders.... gastrovascular cavity
See: REFLUX. GASTRIC ULCER. See: PEPTIC ULCER. ... gastric reflux
A group of hormones released from specialized cells in the stomach, pancreas, and intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin are the best known of these hormones.... gastrointestinal hormones
Washing out the stomach with water, usually to remove toxins.... lavage, gastric
n. pathological dilatation of the stomach. This may be caused by gastric outlet obstruction or it may occur as a complication of previous abdominal surgery, trauma, or overeating.... gastrectasia
a form of *bariatric surgery in which a band is placed around the stomach to effectively reduce its size and therefore restrict the amount of food it can accommodate. Weight loss should result. The procedure can be performed either in open operation or laparoscopically. The bands can be of a fixed size or adjustable (to vary calorie intake) by means of a small reservoir situated under the skin into which fluid can be injected or removed by the patient.... gastric banding
any of several procedures of *bariatric surgery that allow food to bypass parts of the gut in order to reduce absorption of nutrients and calories. Such operations often lead to greater weight loss than restrictive procedures, such as *gastric banding and *stomach stapling, but there are significant long-term complications relating to chronic malabsorption and patients must remain under long-term specialist follow-up.... gastric bypass surgery
tubular glands that lie in the mucous membrane of the stomach wall. There are three varieties: the cardiac, parietal (oxyntic), and pyloric glands, and they secrete *gastric juice.... gastric glands
the liquid secreted by the *gastric glands of the stomach. Its main digestive constituents are hydrochloric acid, mucin, *rennin, and pepsinogen. The acid acts on pepsinogen to produce *pepsin, which functions best in an acid medium. The acidity of the stomach contents also kills unwanted bacteria and other organisms that have been ingested with the food. Gastric juice also contains *intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12.... gastric juice
see stomach stapling.... gastric stapling
n. a rare tumour that secretes the hormone gastrin, which stimulates excessive gastric acid production. Such tumours most frequently occur in the pancreas; about half of them are malignant. Patients present with intractable gastroduodenal ulceration, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea (the *Zollinger–Ellison syndrome). Gastrinomas may be a feature of *MENS type 1.... gastrinoma
combining form. See gastr-.... gastro
a wave of peristalsis produced in the colon by introducing food into a fasting stomach.... gastrocolic reflex
n. see gastroscope.... gastroduodenoscope
n. see oesophagogastroduodenoscopy.... gastroduodenoscopy
n. trade name for meglumine diatrizoate, a water-soluble *contrast medium used in diagnostic radiology, usually in the gastrointestinal tract. It is used in some conditions as a laxative.... gastrografin
the relaxation of the *ileocaecal valve caused by the presence of food in the stomach.... gastroileac reflex
(GIST) a rare type of sarcoma arising from the gastrointestinal tract (usually the stomach), characterized by the presence of the receptor c-kit/CD117 on the surface of the tumour cells, which stimulates division of these cells. It displays a wide range of malignant behaviour. Specific treatment is available with *tyrosine kinase inhibitors.... gastrointestinal stromal tumour
n. a surgical operation in which the *jejunum is joined to an opening made in the stomach. This is usually done in preference to *gastroduodenostomy. See also jejunostomy.... gastrojejunostomy
n. a stone in the stomach, which usually builds up around a *bezoar.... gastrolith
the process in which the stomach contents transiently reflux into the oesophagus. Reflux is a normal process but pathological reflux (see gastro-oesophageal reflux disease) gives rise to symptoms and complications.... gastro-oesophageal reflux
n. a surgical operation in which the oesophagus (gullet) is joined to the stomach, bypassing the natural junction when this is obstructed by *achalasia, *stricture (narrowing), or cancer. This operation is rarely performed.... gastro-oesophagostomy
n. a condition in which the stomach fails to empty at an appropriate rate into the small intestine. Symptoms of bloating, nausea, early satiety, and vomiting are often intermittent in the early stages but can worsen to be a constant feature. It is most commonly seen in long-standing diabetes after the development of neuropathy affecting the parasympathetic nerves to the stomach.... gastroparesis
n. surgical attachment of the stomach to the abdominal wall.... gastropexy
n. surgical alteration of the shape of the stomach without removal of any part. The term was originally used for correction of an acquired deformity, e.g. narrowing due to a peptic ulcer, but has more recently been applied to techniques for reducing the size of the stomach in the treatment of morbid obesity, e.g. vertical banded gastroplasty (see stomach stapling) and *gastric banding.... gastroplasty
n. a congenital defect in the abdominal wall, which during fetal development fails to close to the right of a normal umbilical cord. Bowel herniates through the defect and has no covering; free loops of bowel can be seen floating in the amniotic cavity on ultrasound. Treatment is surgical. Compare exomphalos.... gastroschisis
n. a procedure during abdominal surgery in which the stomach is opened, usually to allow inspection of the interior (e.g. to find a point of bleeding), to remove a foreign body, or to allow the oesophagus to be approached from below (e.g. to pull down a tube through a constricting growth).... gastrotomy
n. an early stage in the development of many animal embryos. It consists of a double-layered ball of cells formed by invagination and movement of cells in the preceding single-layered stage (blastula) in the process of gastrulation. It contains a central cavity, the *archenteron, which opens through the blastopore to the outside. True gastrulation only occurs in the embryos of amphibians and certain fish, but a similar process occurs in the embryonic disc in other vertebrates, including humans.... gastrula
see gastroplasty; stomach stapling.... vertical banded gastroplasty
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