Excessive growth (especially in height), resulting from overproduction of growth hormone during childhood or adolescence by a tumour of the pituitary gland (see pituitary tumours). Untreated, the tumour may compress other hormone-producing cells in the pituitary gland, causing symptoms of hormone deficiency (see hypopituitarism). The condition may be treated with drugs such as bromocriptine that block the release of growth hormone, or by surgery or radiotherapy to remove or destroy the tumour. See also acromegaly.
Excessive growth (mainly in height) caused by overproduction, during childhood or adolescence, of GROWTH HORMONE by a tumour of the PITUITARY GLAND. Untreated, the affected individual may die in early adulthood. Sometimes the tumour appears after the individual has stopped growing and the result then is ACROMEGALY rather than gigantism.
n. abnormal growth causing excessive height, most commonly due to oversecretion during childhood of *growth hormone (somatotrophin) by the pituitary gland. In eunuchoid gigantism the tall stature is due to delayed puberty, which results in continued growth of the long bones before their growing ends (epiphyses) fuse. See also Sotos syndrome.
(cerebral gigantism) a rare inherited disorder resulting in excessive physical growth during the first 2–3 years of life. It presents in childhood with a characteristic facial appearance, a disproportionately large head, large hands and feet, abnormally widely spaced eyes (ocular *hypertelorism), developmental delay, and tall stature for age. Children with Sotos syndrome tend to be large at birth and taller and heavier, stabilizing after about five years to achieve normal adult height. Most cases occur sporadically, although familial cases have been reported. [J. F. Sotos (1927– ), U.S. paediatrician]... sotos syndrome
The increase in height and weight as a child develops. The period of most rapid growth occurs before birth. After birth, although growth is still rapid in the first few years of life, especially in the first year, the rate of
growth steadily decreases. Puberty marks another major period of growth, which continues until adult height and weight are reached, usually at about age 16–17 in girls and 19–21 in boys.
Body shape changes during childhood because different areas grow at different rates. For example, at birth, the head is already about three quarters of its adult size; it grows to almost full size during the first year. Thereafter, it becomes proportionately smaller because the body grows at a much faster rate.
Growth can be influenced by heredity and by environmental factors such as nutrition and general health. Hormones also play an important role, particularly growth hormone, thyroid hormones, and, at puberty, the sex hormones.
A chronic illness, such as cystic fibrosis, may retard growth. Even a minor illness can slow growth briefly, although the growth rate usually catches up when the child recovers. In some cases, slow growth may be the only sign that a child is ill or malnourished, in which case it is known as failure to thrive. However, short stature does not necessarily indicate poor health. Abnormally rapid growth is rare. Usually, it is a familial trait, but it may occasionally indicate an underlying disorder, such as a pituitary gland tumour causing gigantism. (See also age; child development.)... growth, childhood
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