Hydr: From 1 Different Sources
(hydro-) combining form denoting water or a watery fluid.
Exaggerated fear of water as in rabies... hydrophobia
A circumscribed collection of fluid in the tunica vaginalis testis... hydrocele
An abnormal accumulation of CEREBROSPINAL FLUID, or CSF, within the skull, as a result of one or more of three main causes: (i) excessive CSF production; (ii) defective CSF absorption;
(iii) blockage of the circulation of CSF. Such disturbances in the circulation of the ?uid may be due to congenital reasons (most commonly associated with SPINA BIFIDA), to MENINGITIS, or to a tumour.
Symptoms In children, the chief symptoms observed are the gradual increase in size of the upper part of the head, out of all proportion to the face or the rest of the body. The head is globular, with a wide anterior FONTANELLE and separation of the bones at the sutures. The veins in the scalp are prominent, and there is a ‘crackpot’ note on percussion. The normal infant’s head should not grow more than 2·5 cm (1 inch) in each of the ?rst two months of life, and much more slowly subsequently; growth beyond this rate should arouse suspicions of hydrocephalus, so medical professionals caring for infants use centile charts for this purpose.
The cerebral ventricles are widely distended, and the convolutions of the brain ?attened, while occasionally the ?uid escapes into the cavity of the cranium, which it ?lls, pressing down the brain to the base of the skull. As a consequence of such changes, the functions of the brain are interfered with, and in general the mental condition of the patient is impaired. Untreated, the child is dull and listless, irritable and sometimes suffers from severe mental subnormality. The special senses become affected as the disease advances, especially vision, and sight is often lost, as is also hearing. Towards the end, paralysis is apt to occur.
Treatment Numerous ingenious operations have been devised for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The most satisfactory of these utilise unidirectional valves and shunts (tubes), whereby the cerebrospinal ?uid is bypassed from the brain into the right atrium of the heart or the peritoneal cavity. The shunt may have to be left in position inde?nitely.... hydrocephalus
A colourless, pungent, fuming liquid. Secreted by the parietal cells in the lining of the stomach, it aids in the digestion of the food.... hydrochloric acid
See KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF.... hydronephrosis
Treatment using water in the form of baths, douches, etc.... hydrotherapy
A condition characterised by excess of ?uid in the amniotic cavity (see AMNION).... hydramnios
See THIAZIDES.... hydrochlorothiazide
A thick colourless liquid with the formula H2O2 (water is H2O, possessing only one oxygen atom in its molecule). Available in solution with water and as a cream, it is readily reduced to water – giving up oxygen in the process, which causes the characteristic frothing seen when used. H2O2 has antiseptic and deodorising properties; thus it is used as a mouthwash, to clean wounds and ulcers, and occasionally to disinfect body cavities at operation. It is also a bleach.... hydrogen peroxide
See HAEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN.... hydrops fetalis
A collection of ?uid in the pleural cavities of the lungs.... hydrothorax
Hydroxocobalamin, or vitamin B12, has now replaced CYANOCOBALAMIN in the treatment of pernicious ANAEMIA. It has the practical advantage that fewer injections are required than in the case of cyanocobalamin. Like cyanocobalamin, it belongs to the group of substances known as cobalamins which have an ENZYME action in practically every metabolic system in the body and are essential for normal growth and nutrition. (See APPENDIX 5: VITAMINS.)... hydroxocobalamin
This drug is now rarely used but chloral betaine (Welldorm) is occasionally used in the elderly and in newborns with ?ts or cerebral irritation after a di?cult delivery.... chloral hydrate
Hex Breaking... hydrangea
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in body tissues or in a sac.... hydrops
One of the ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS which is mainly used for the prevention of sickness, including sea-sickness.... cyclizine hydrochloride
(Greek) A constellation; in mythology, a monster killed by Hercules... hydra
A chronic in?ammatory disease of the apocrine sweat glands (see PERSPIRATION). It is more common in women – in whom it usually occurs in the armpit – than in men, in whom it is most common in the perineum of the drivers of lorries and taxis. It occurs in the form of painful, tender lumps underneath the skin, which burst often in a week or so. Treatment consists of removal by operation.... hydradenitis suppurativa
Promoting expulsion of water or serum... hydragogue
A vasodilator hypotensive drug, useful as an adjunct to other treatment for HYPERTENSION.... hydrallazine
A drug used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia (see MYELOID; LEUKAEMIA).... hydrocarbamide
A plant-like member of the class Hydrozoa.... hydroid
A recently introduced opioid analgesic drug used to relieve severe pain in cancer. A controlled drug, it is taken in capsule form or the powder may be sprinkled over soft food.... hydromorphone hydrochloride
The Family name of sea snakes (but not the kraits).... hydrophiidae
The taxonomic class including the plume-like hydroids, hard stinging “corals”, small jellyfish with bells (i.e. bell-shaped bodies), and members of the order Siphonophora which may be buoyed up by gaseous floats.... hydrozoa
A synthetic acridine product used in the treatment of MALARIA. It came to the fore during World War II, when supplies of quinine were short, and proved of great value both as a prophylactic and in the treatment of malaria. It is now used only to treat infestation with tapeworms (see TAENIASIS).... mepacrine hydrochloride
A non-opioid analgesic drug (see ANALGESICS) of use in the relief of pain that fails to respond to other non-opioid analgesics. It causes little depression of respiration but side-effects may be a problem.... nefopam hydrochloride
A synthetic analgesic and antispasmodic drug, which is used in the treatment of painful and spasmodic conditions in place of morphine and atropine. A prompt but short-lasting analgesic, it has less of a constipating e?ect than morphine but is less potent. Useful for analgesia during childbirth because it produces less respiratory depression in the baby than other opioids. Pethidine is one of the CONTROLLED DRUGS.... pethidine hydrochloride
A powerful analgesic which can be given under the tongue if nausea and vomiting are a problem.... phenazocine hydrobromide
A derivative of PROCAINE, used to treat certain cardiac arrythmias (irregularities in the heartbeat).... procainamide hydrochloride
A synthetic antimalarial drug usually used with CHLOROQUINE to prevent infection with MALARIA. Occasionally the drug is used to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria in combination with atovaquone.... proguanil hydrochloride
A widely used antihistamine drug with a prolonged action and a pronounced sedative e?ect. (See ANTIHISTAMINE DRUGS.)... promethazine hydrochloride
Linn.
Family: Polygonaceae.
Habitat: Throughout India in wet places.
English: Water Pepper, Pepperwort, Smartweed.
Folk: Paakur-muula, Paani-maricha (Bengal).
Action: Haemostatic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, lithotriptic, emmenagogue (used as infusion for delayed menses and amenorrhoea), antifungal (root and leaf used externally). Contraindicated during pregnancy.
The herb contains sesquiterpenes, including warburganal and polygodial, in the leaves; polygonal, isodrimeni- nol, isopolygodial and confertifolin in the seeds; and flavonoids including quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and rhamnesin; polygonolide (an iso- coumarin).Isoquercitrin exhibited significant anti-oxidative activity. Polygodial and warburganal possess significant an- tifungal property. Warburganal also possesses potent cytotoxic and antibiotic activity. (The herb is used against cancer.)
Folk: Muniyaaraa (Bihar), Raani- phool, Macheti, Dubiaa Saaga.
Action: Galactogenic, antidiar- rhoeal. Powdered herb is given in pneumonia.
The whole plant yields 11% tannin. The rootstock contains oxymethylan- thraquinone.Flowers gave oleanolic acid, betulin- ic acid, epi-friedelanol, beta-sitosterol, and flavonoids—quercetin, quercetin- 3-arabinoside and quercetin-3-rutino- side.... polygonum hydropiper
One of the BETA-ADRENOCEPTOR-BLOCKING DRUGS, propranolol hydrochloride is used in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS, myocardial infarction (see under HEART, DISEASES OF), certain abnormal rhythms of the heart, and high blood pressure (HYPERTENSION). It also prevents attacks of MIGRAINE, and is used for certain anxiety states – particularly those associated with unpleasant bodily sensations, such as palpitations. (See also ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS.)... propranolol hydrochloride
Hydration represents the ability of the body to manage water. The optimal hydration is not provided by water only. It should be accompanied by fruit and vegetable consumption.
There are some symptoms which come with dehydration: little or no urine or urine that is darker than usual, dry mouth, sleepiness or fatigue, extreme thirst, headache, confusion, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, no tears when crying.
How Tea for Hydration works
A tea for hydration usually helps the body to keep water within.
Efficient Teas for Hydration
It has been proved that herbal tea as mint and verbena are efficient for hydration.
Mint is a well known plant, due to its ability to soothe the digestive tract. It is appreciated for its flavor and taste, being an important ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry.
To prepare Mint tea, infuse 2 tablespoons of dried leaves in a cup of boiling water. After steeping it about 15 minutes, you may enjoy the beverage.
As a tea for hydration, Mint tea has been used for centuries all over the planet. It enhances the ability of cells to keep water within for a longer period of time.
Verbena is a plant originating from South America (Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Paraguay). It has a lemony scent, being preferred in the perfume industry. In cuisine, verbena could replace oregano, especially in fish and poultry dishes.
To prepare Verbena tea , immerse about 2 teaspoons of dried verbena herbs or ¼ teaspoon of fresh leaves and tops into one cup of boiling water. Let the mixture soak and steep for about 5 minutes. Drink it slowly. Honey can be added to enhance flavor.
As a tea for hydration, Verbena tea is an adjuvant in keeping water in the human tissues.
Tea for Hydration: Side Effects
Rarely, teas for hydration may induce diarrhea. In these cases, cease consumption and ask for your doctor’s advice.
Teas for hydration are a good choice when the body needs extra hydration and also when the person is on a diet, goes outside on a hot weather or practices sports.... tea for hydration
Artificial alkaloids. Cramp bark, Uva-Ursi. ... hydroquinones
a safe slow-acting antacid. It is administered (often in combination with magnesium hydroxide) in the treatment of indigestion, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and reflux *oesophagitis.... aluminium hydroxide
an anti-inflammatory drug (see NSAID) administered as a mouthwash or spray for the relief of inflammatory ulcerative conditions of the mouth and throat.... benzydamine hydrochloride
n. the presence in the blood of more than the normal proportion of water.... hydraemia
the use of enteral feeding tubes or cannulas to administer nutrients and fluids directly into the gastrointestinal tract or bloodstream when the oral route cannot be used owing to disability or disease. When other intensive treatments are judged *futile, artificial nutrition and hydration are considered *extraordinary means of prolonging life in patients who have no prospect of recovery. It is permissible to withdraw such treatment when it is no longer in the patient’s interests and when the primary intention is not to kill the patient, although death is foreseen (see doctrine of double effect). In cases of patients in a *persistent vegetative state in England and Wales, the matter must be referred to the courts following the case of Tony Bland. Where food and water are withdrawn it is still considered important to moisten the patient’s lips and to keep him or her comfortable until death.... artificial nutrition and hydration
n. see mercurialism.... hydrargyria
n. swelling at a joint caused by excessive synovial fluid. The condition usually involves the knees and may be recurrent. Often no cause is apparent; in some cases rheumatoid arthritis develops later. Excess synovial fluid may also occur with other forms of inflammatory arthritis, such as psoriatic and reactive arthritis, as well as with osteoarthritis.... hydrarthrosis
n. see caliectasis.... hydrocalycosis
(prussic acid) an intensely poisonous volatile acid that can cause death within a minute if inhaled. It has a smell of bitter almonds. See cyanide.... hydrocyanic acid
n. an enzyme that catalyses the addition of hydrogen to a compound in reduction reactions.... hydrogenase
a weak electrostatic bond formed by linking a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen or oxygen). The large number of hydrogen bonds in proteins and nucleic acids are responsible for maintaining the stable molecular structure of these compounds.... hydrogen bond
n. an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of compounds. Examples are the *peptidases.... hydrolase
n. see hygroma.... hydroma
n. see hydropericardium.... hydropericarditis
n. accumulation of a clear serous fluid within the membranous sac surrounding the heart. It occurs in many cases of *pericarditis (hydropericarditis). If the heart is compressed the fluid is withdrawn (aspirated) via a needle inserted into the pericardial sac through the chest wall (pericardiocentesis). See also hydropneumopericardium.... hydropericardium
n. see ascites.... hydroperitoneum
n. see buphthalmos.... hydrophthalmos
n. the presence of air and clear fluid within the pericardial sac around the heart, which is most commonly due to entry of air during pericardiocentesis (see hydropericardium). The presence of air does not affect the management of the patient.... hydropneumopericardium
n. the presence of fluid and gas in the peritoneal cavity. This may be due to the introduction of air through an instrument being used to remove the fluid; because of a perforation in the digestive tract that has allowed the escape of fluid and gas; or rarely because gas-forming bacteria are growing in the peritoneal fluid.... hydropneumoperitoneum
n. the presence of air and fluid in the pleural cavity. If the patient is shaken the fluid makes a splashing sound (called a succussion splash). An *effusion of serous fluid commonly complicates a *pneumothorax, and must be drained.... hydropneumothorax
n. the accumulation of fluid in one of the *Fallopian tubes due to inflammation and subsequent obstruction, usually as a result of pelvic infection.... hydrosalpinx
n. the introduction of a fluid (usually a dye) through the cervix (neck) of the uterus under pressure to allow visualization, by *laparoscopy, of the passage of the dye through the Fallopian tubes. It is used to test whether or not the tubes are blocked in the investigation of infertility.... hydrotubation
n. an accumulation of urine in one of the tubes (ureters) leading from the kidneys to the bladder. The ureter becomes swollen and the condition usually results from obstruction of the ureter by a stone or a pelvic mass.... hydroureter
n. 1. a complex phosphate of calcium (Ca5(PO4)3OH) that occurs as a mineral and is the chief structural element of human bone and teeth. Hydroxyapatite crystals may also occur in joints in association with arthritis. 2. a biocompatible ceramic material that is a synthetic form of natural hydroxyapatite. Some joint replacement prostheses are coated with synthetic hydroxyapatite, which encourages bone to grow on to the implant. The material is also used in some forms of middle-ear surgery.... hydroxyapatite
(hydroxyurea) n. a drug that prevents cell growth and is used mainly to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia but also to reduce the frequency of sickle-cell crises (see sickle-cell disease). Hydroxycarbamide may lower the white cell content of the blood due to its effects on the bone marrow.... hydroxycarbamide
n. a drug similar to *chloroquine, used mainly to treat lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (see disease-modifying antirheumatic drug). Side-effects such as skin reactions, headache, and digestive upsets may occur and prolonged use can lead to eye damage.... hydroxychloroquine
(5-HIAA) a metabolite of *serotonin, the most common secretion product of *carcinoid tumours. Measured over 24 hours in the urine, this is the most reliable screening test for such tumours.... 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
n. a compound, similar in structure to the *amino acids, found only in *collagen.... hydroxyproline
n. see serotonin.... 5-hydroxytryptamine
n. see hydroxycarbamide.... hydroxyurea
n. an *antihistamine drug with sedative properties, used to treat pruritus (itching). It may cause drowsiness, headache, dry mouth, and gastrointestinal upsets.... hydroxyzine
a magnesium salt used as an osmotic *laxative to treat constipation. It is also combined with *aluminium hydroxide in antacid preparations.... magnesium hydroxide
an *NMDA-receptor antagonist drug indicated for treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer’s-type dementia. Its most common side-effects are dizziness, headache, and constipation.... memantine hydrochloride
(caustic soda) a powerful alkali in widespread use as a cleaning agent. It attacks the skin, causing severe chemical burns that are best treated by washing the area with large quantities of water. When swallowed it causes burning of the mouth and throat, which should be treated by giving water, milk, or other fluid to dilute the stomach contents and by gastric lavage.... sodium hydroxide
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