Isch Health Dictionary

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Isch: From 1 Different Sources

Ischaemia

Lack of tissue oxygen and nutrients usually due to impaired (arterial) blood flow.... ischaemia

Ischium

Ischium is the bone which forms the lower and hinder part of the pelvis. It bears the weight of the body in sitting.... ischium

Ischiorectal Abscess

An ABSCESS arising in the space between the RECTUM and ischial bone (see ISCHIUM) and often resulting in a FISTULA. It may occur spontaneously or be secondary to an anal ?ssure, thrombosed HAEMORRHOIDS or other anal disease. The disorder is painful and usually accompanied by fever. Treatment is by a combination of antibiotics and surgery.... ischiorectal abscess

Transient Ischaemic Attack

(TIA) A brief interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain, which causes temporary impairment of vision, speech, sensation, or movement. The episode typically lasts for several minutes or, at the most, for a few hours. TIAs are sometimes described as mini strokes, and they can be the prelude to a stroke.

TIAs may be caused by a blood clot (see embolism) temporarily blocking an artery that supplies the brain, or by narrowing of an artery as a result of atherosclerosis.

After a TIA, tests such as CT scanning, blood tests, ultrasound scanning, or angiography may be needed to determine a cause. In some cases, the heart is studied as a possible source of blood clots. Treatment is aimed at preventing stroke, which occurs within 5 years in up to one third of patients with TIA. Treatments include endarterectomy, anticoagulant drugs, or aspirin.... transient ischaemic attack

Ischaemic Heart Disease

See HEART, DISEASES OF.... ischaemic heart disease

Ischaemic Stroke

A STROKE that occurs when the ?ow of blood to a part of the brain is interrupted by a partial or complete THROMBOSIS of the supplying artery or ARTERIES, or by a clot of blood that has detached itself from elsewhere in the circulatory system – for instance, a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) – and blocked a cerebral artery. Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Its treatment is di?cult and prevention is best targeted at those who are at the highest absolute risk of stroke, because such people are likely to derive the greatest bene?t. They generally have a history of occlusive vascular diseases such as previous ischaemic stroke or a transient ischaemic attack (TIA), coronary heart disease (see HEART, DISEASES OF) or PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE. In the UK strokes affect about 200 people per 100,000 population annually, with the incidence rising sharply after the age of 55. At the age of 70 the incidence is around 15 people per 1,000 of population; at 80 the ?gure is double that.

About 80 per cent of patients survive an acute stroke and they are at risk of a further episode within a few weeks and months; about 10 per cent in the ?rst year and 5 per cent a year after that. HYPERTENSION, smoking, HYPERLIPIDAEMIA and raised concentration of blood sugar, along with OBESITY, are signi?cant pointers to further strokes and preventive steps to reduce these factors are worthwhile, although the reduction in risk is hard to assess. Even so, the affected person should stop smoking, greatly reduce alcohol intake, check for and have treated diabetes, reduce weight and exercise regularly. In any case, a diet rich in fresh fruit and vegetables and low in fat and salt, exercise and the avoidance of smoking may reduce the risk of having a ?rst stroke.

The evidence is inconclusive that patients with ischaemic stroke should be treated with antihypertensives. Furthermore, neither the starting blood pressure nor the best drug regimen or its starting time are generally agreed. Studies on the most e?ective methods of preventing and treating stroke are continuing; meanwhile available evidence suggests that an active approach to prevention of primary and secondary hypertension will bene?t patients and usually be cost-e?ective.... ischaemic stroke

Transient Ischaemic Attacks Or Episodes (tia, Tie)

Episodes of transient ISCHAEMIA of some part of the cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem (see BRAIN) lasting anything from a few minutes to several hours and followed by complete recovery. By de?nition, the ischaemic episode must be less than 24 hours. These episodes may be isolated or they may occur several times in a day. The cause is ATHEROMA of the carotid or vertebral arteries (see ARTERIES, DISEASES OF) and the embolisation (see EMBOLISM) of PLATELETS or CHOLESTEROL. These attacks present with strokes (see STROKE) that rapidly recover.... transient ischaemic attacks or episodes (tia, tie)

Heart Disease, Ischaemic

The most common form of heart disease, in which narrowing or obstruction of the coronary arteries, usually by atherosclerosis, results in a reduced blood supply (see coronary artery disease).... heart disease, ischaemic

Hypoxic-ischaemic Encephalopathy

(HIE, birth asphyxia, perinatal asphyxia) brain damage in a newborn infant as a result of the brain receiving inadequate oxygen. HIE may cause seizures and, if severe, death within minutes of oxygen deprivation. If the infant survives there can be significant long-term consequences, such as developmental delay, learning disabilities, or cerebral palsy.... hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

Ischi

(ischio-) combining form denoting the ischium.... ischi

Mesenteric Ischaemia

impairment of the blood flow to the arteries that supply the small and large intestine. The arteries include the *coeliac axis and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. Partial or total occlusion of blood flow may occur abruptly or over a protracted period (acute vs. chronic mesenteric ischaemia). Causes of an acute episode include migration of an arterial blood clot or embolus into the mesenteric vessels, an arterial blood clot in patients with atherosclerosis, profound low blood pressure, or states promoting coagulation. Typically a patient presents with severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhoea, and rectal bleeding. Rapid diagnosis is essential since impaired intestinal blood flow predisposes to the development of gangrene and necrosis of the bowel. Treatment includes aggressive fluid resuscitation, pain relief, antibiotics, surgical resection of nonviable bowel, and radiological or surgical *revascularization of implicated arteries. In chronic mesenteric ischaemia, abdominal pain precipitated by eating is the main symptom, often accompanied by loss of appetite and marked weight loss.... mesenteric ischaemia

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