Surgical removal of the LYMPH NODES. The procedure is usually carried out when cancer has in?ltrated the nodes in the lymphatic drainage zone of an organ or tissue invaded by a malignant growth. RADIOTHERAPY or CHEMOTHERAPY may be given if laboratory tests show that the type or extent of spread of the cancer cells merits this.
n. surgical removal of lymph nodes, an operation commonly performed when a cancer has invaded nodes in the drainage area of an organ infiltrated by a malignant growth. The whole chain of lymph nodes draining the tumour is excised. This is performed for local control and also staging of the cancer, to plan further treatment and for prognosis.
a malignant tumour of the lining (*endometrium) of the uterus. Risk factors are nulliparity (never having given birth), obesity, and tamoxifen use as chemotherapy for breast cancer. The presenting symptom is usually *postmenopausal bleeding, but this cancer may present with postmenopausal discharge or *pyometra. The tumour invades the *myometrium and spreads down to the cervix and through the Fallopian tubes to the ovaries and peritoneal cavity and through the lymphatics to pelvic and aortic nodes. Prognosis depends on tumour differentiation, depth of myometrial invasion, extent of tumour spread, and involvement of retroperitoneal nodes. Treatment is laparoscopic abdominal *hysterectomy and bilateral *salpingo-oophorectomy, with *lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy if indicated.... endometrial cancer
a relatively rare gynaecological cancer, most common in the elderly. The most common symptom is longstanding itch, but vulval pain, discharge, and bleeding have also been reported. Surgery is the primary treatment, with wide excision by radical *vulvectomy and regional *lymphadenectomy. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can also be used.... vulval cancer
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