Habitat: Cultivated in Indian gardens.
English: Water Mint, Wild Mint.Unani: Pudinaa Nahari.Action: Leaf—stimulant, astringent. Used for diarrhoea and dysmenorrhoea.
The essential oil is composed of 40-50% menthofuran, with menthol, methyl acetate, pulegone among other constituents.Habitat: Throughout the greater part of India.
English: Swamp Cabbage.Ayurvedic: Kalambi, Naalikaa.Siddha/Tamil: Vellaikeerai, Koilan- gu.Action: Emetic and purgative. Used as an antidote to arsenical or opium poisoning. Plant juice is used for liver complaints; buds for ringworm.
The leaves are a good source of minerals (2.1%), vitamins (especially, carotene and tocopherol). Plant is given for nervous and general debility. Whole plant gave beta-carotene, xan- thophyll, traces of taraxanthin, hentri- acontane, beta-sitosterol and its gluco- side.The buds of pigmented variety are recommended as a food for diabetics. An insulin-like substance is reported from the buds.The stems contain N-trans- and N- ris-feruloyltyramines, which have been found to be the inhibitors of in vitro prostaglandin synthesis.The plant shows abundant growth in waste water and absorbs some organic and inorganic components, including heavy metals from waste water. The plant may be useful in the treatment of waste water by biogeofiltration.... ipomoea aquaticaHabitat: Cultivated in Jammu and Kashmir.
English: Japanese Mint.Unani: Naanaa.Action: Carminative, chola- gogue, expectorant, antibacterial, antifungal.
Key application: Mint oil— internally for flatulence, functional gastrointestinal and gallbladder disorders; catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract. Externally, for myalgia and neuralgia. (German Commission E.)Major components of the essential oil are menthol (up to 95%) and men- thone. Others are alpha-and beta- pinene, alpha-thujene, l-limonene, beta-phellandrene, furfural, methyl- cyclohexanone and camphene. The essential oil possesses both antibacterial and antifungal properties.The leaves show anti-implantation effect. Seeds showed abortifacient activity (29%) in albino rats with marked malformations in neonates where pregnancy was not terminated.... mentha arvensisHabitat: Native to Europe and Asia; cultivated in Kashmir, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab.
English: English Horsemint.Unani: Pudinaa-Barri, Jangali Pudinaa.Action: Leaf and flowering top— carminative, stimulant, antiseptic, febrifuge. Used for digestive disorders and headaches. Essential oil—antibacterial.
Chief components of the volatile oil are 1,8-cineole 28.8, piperitone 13.9, cis- piperitone oxide 15.4 and piperitenone 13.8%. The aerial parts contain flavonoids—3'-hydroxy-4',5,6,7-tetra- methoxyflavone, hesperetin-7-rutino- side, luteolin, ursolic acid and beta- sitosterol. The essential oil acts as a CNS depressant and has somnifacient properties. Phenolic extract showed stimulative effect on CNS of mice. Administration of the oil leads to a drop in body temperature.American Horsemint is equated with Monarda punctata L. The major component of the volatile oil is thymol. The leaves and tops are used as stimulant, carminative and emmenagogue.... mentha longifoliaHabitat: Native to Europe; cultivated in Maharashtra, Kashmir and Punjab.
English: Peppermint, Brandy Mint.Ayurvedic: Vilaayati Pudinaa.Action: Oil—digestive, carminative, chloretic, antispasmodic, diuretic, antiemetic, mild sedative, diaphoretic, antiseptic, antiviral, used in many mixtures of indigestion and colic and cough and cold remedies.
Key application: Leaf—internally for spastic complaints of the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder and bile ducts. (German Commission E, ESCOP.) The British Herbal Compendium indicates peppermint leaf for dyspepsia, flatulence, intestinal colic, and biliary disorders.Key application: Oil—as a carminative. (The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia.) In spastic discomfort fo the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile ducts, irritable colon, the respiratory tract and inflammation of the oral mucosa. Externally, for myalgia and neuralgia. (German Commission E.) ESCOP indicates its use for irritable bowel syndrome, coughs and colds. Externally, for coughs and colds, rheumatic complaints, pruritus, urticaria, and pain in irritable skin conditions. (ESCOP.)The essential oil has both antibacterial and antifungal properties.The major constituents of the essential oil are: menthol, menthone, pulegone, menthofuran, 1,8-cineole, men- thyl acetate, isomenthone. The leaves contain flavonoid glycosides, erioc- itrin, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, hesperi- din, isorhoifolin, diosmin, eriodictyol 7-O-glucoside and narirutin, besides rosmarinic acid, azulenes, cholene, carotenes.Peppermint oil relaxed carvachol- contracted guinea-pig tenia coli, and inhibited spontaneous activity in guinea-pig colon and rabbit jejunum. It relaxes gastrointestinal smooth muscle by reducing calcium influx. Peppermint oil reduced gastric emptying time in dyspeptics.The aqueous and ethanolic extracts exhibited antiviral activity against RPV (rinder pest virus), a highly contagious viral disease of cattle.... mentha piperataHabitat: Cultivated in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.
English: Spearmint, Garden Mint.Ayurvedic: Pudinaa, Podinaka, Puutihaa, Rochini.Unani: Nanaa. Pudinaa Kohi.Action: Carminative, stimulant, antispasmodic, antiemetic, diaphoretic, antiseptic. A tea of dry flowers and leaves is prescribed for tracheobronchitis and hypertension.
The chief constituents of the essential oil are carvone (55-75%) and limonene (up to 21.4%). The herb gave flavonoids, diosmin and diosmetin. Caffeic acid derivatives include ros- marinic acid in the volatile oil.Dosage: Leaf—5-10 ml juice; 35 ml extract. (CCRAS.)... mentha spicataHabitat: Kumaon to Assam and in Central, Western and Southern India, and the Andamans.
Siddha/Tamil: Cheppu-nerinjal.Folk: Paashaanbheda (Karnataka).Action: Root—diuretic; used for stone in the bladder; also in venereal diseases. The diuretic action of the root is attributed to the presence of allantoin; a sterol, rhabdiol, has also been isolated from the roots.... rotula aquatica
Habitat: Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Uttar Pradesh at 1,200-2,400 m.
English: Chickweed, Water Starwort.Folk: Budeolaa.Action: Leaves—decoction used in galactorrhoea.
Fresh plant contains an essential oil having 3-hydroxymethylfuran, alpha- pinene, limonene, n-hexanol, geran- iol, camphor, benzyl alcohol, guaia- col, cresol, eugenol and carvacrol as the major constituents.... stellaria aquatica
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