A condition in which CALCULI are present in the kidney.
n. the presence of stones in the kidney (see calculus). Such stones can cause pain and blood in the urine, but they may produce no symptoms. Full investigation is undertaken to determine the underlying cause of stone formation. When stones are associated with urinary obstruction and infection they usually require surgical removal (see nephrolithotomy; pyelolithotomy).
Cranberry (Scientific name).Plant Part Used: Fruit.Dominican Medicinal Uses: Fruit: juice, orally, urinary tract infection, kidney ailments, high cholesterol.Safety: Juice is widely consumed and generally considered safe. In a clinical trail, ingestion of fruit extract tablets caused increase in urinary oxalate levels and may indicate risk of nephrolithiasis.Drug Interactions: Warfarin (risk of bleeding).Clinical Data: Human clinical trials: anti-inflammatory, anti-adhesion of urinary bacteria, antioxidant, heart disease prevention, urinary tract infection treatment and prevention (juice).Laboratory & Preclinical Data: In vitro: antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, antioxidant, antitumor, antiviral (fruit juice or constituents).* See entry for Cranberry in “Part 3: Dominican Medicinal Plant Profiles” of this book for more information, including references.... cranberry
n. (pl. calculi) 1. a stone: a hard pebble-like mass formed within the body, particularly in the gall bladder (see gallstone) or anywhere in the urinary tract (see cystolithiasis; nephrolithiasis; staghorn calculus). Calculi in the urinary tract are commonly composed of calcium oxalate and are usually visible on X-ray examination. Some of these stones cause pain if they are associated with obstruction and prevent urine flow in the ureter or kidney, or by direct irritation of the bladder. Stones passing down a duct (such as the ureter) cause severe colicky pain. Most stones pass spontaneously, but some need to be broken into smaller pieces, usually by extracorporeal *lithotripsy, and the remainder by endosurgical techniques (see litholapaxy) or rarely by open surgery. Calculi may also occur in the ducts of the salivary glands. 2. a calcified deposit that forms on the surface of a tooth that is covered with dental *plaque as a result of poor oral hygiene. Supragingival calculus forms above the *gingivae (gums), principally in relation to the openings of the salivary gland ducts. Subgingival calculus forms beneath the crest of the gingivae. Calculus hinders the cleaning of teeth and its presence contributes to *gingivitis and *periodontal disease. A link has been demonstrated between increased calculus levels and infective *endocarditis.... calculus
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