Neurasthenia Health Dictionary

Neurasthenia: From 6 Different Sources


A vague term now superceded by ‘debility’ and ‘depression’. The condition usually responds well.

Symptoms: loss of appetite, weight, energy and sleep. Often follows the toxaemia of faulty nutrition and metabolism. Sexual abuse, mental or physical shock. Feeble mental health. May herald the onset of chronic illness. Blood pressure may be low (Hawthorn, Broom, Kola). Treatment should be directed towards building up the consitution by a healthy lifestyle and wholesome mental habits.

Alternatives. Teas. Betony, Hops, Oats, Skullcap, Passion flower (undue restlessness), Lime flowers (easily stimulated). Gentian or Mistletoe: 1-2 teaspoons to cup cold water allowed to steep overnight; half cup morning and evening the following day.

Decoction: combine: Oats 2; Skullcap 1; Peruvian bark half; Hops half. 1oz to 1 pint water; bring to boil; simmer 2 minutes. Drink cold, 1 cup before meals, thrice daily.

Tablets/capsules. Combination (Kola, Damiana, Saw Palmetto). Gentian. Ginseng. Ginkgo.

Powders. Combine: Kola 2; Peruvian bark 1; Fringe Tree half; Liquorice half. Dose: 300mg thrice daily. Liquid Extracts. Combine Valerian 1; Hops 1; Wild Yam half; Oats 2. Dose: 1 teaspoon thrice daily. Tinctures. Combine: Peruvian bark 2; Valerian 1; Pulsatilla half; Fringe Tree half. Dose: 1-2 teaspoons thrice daily.

Diet. Oatmeal porridge. Cider vinegar. High protein.

Vitamins. B-complex, B6, B12, C, E.

Minerals. Dolomite. Iron complex. Zinc.

Note: Some authorities believe neurasthenia and chronic fatigue syndrome are the same. 

Health Source: Bartrams Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine
Author: Health Encyclopedia
An outdated term that literally means “nervous exhaustion”. It was once used to describe a number of physical and mental symptoms, including loss of energy, insomnia, aches and pains, depression, irritability, and reduced concentration.neuritis A term that literally means inflammation of a nerve. True nerve inflammation may be caused by infection (for example by a virus in herpes zoster or by a bacterium in Hansen’s disease). The term neuritis is also often applied to nerve damage or disease from causes other than inflammation. It has become virtually synonymous with neuropathy. neuroblastoma A tumour of the adrenal glands or the sympathetic nervous system (which is part of the autonomic nervous system). Most neuroblastomas develop in the adrenal glands or in the sympathetic nerves along the back wall of the abdomen. Less commonly, tumours develop in the sympathetic nerves of the chest or neck.

Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial (outside the skull), solid tumour of childhood. Most cases develop during the first 10 years of life, especially in the first 5.

Common symptoms include a lump in the abdomen, tiredness, weight loss, aches and pains, paleness, and irritability. Diarrhoea, high blood pressure, and flushing of the skin sometimes occur.

The diagnosis of a neuroblastoma is from MRI and CT scanning, blood tests, urine tests, and biopsy of the bone marrow and any accessible tumours. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the tumour, followed by radiotherapy. Anticancer drugs and a bone marrow transplant may also be required. The outlook varies because neuroblastomas range from being relatively harmless to aggressively cancerous.

Health Source: BMA Medical Dictionary
Author: The British Medical Association
Tiredness or exhaustion, often in excess of what would seem appropriate from purely physical causes.
Health Source: Herbal Medical
Author: Health Dictionary
An out-of-date term that was used to describe an ill-de?ned state of nervous exhaustion in which, although the patient suffers from no de?nite disease, he or she becomes incapable of sustained exertion. The condition which it represented is now believed to be a form of NEUROSIS or psychosomatic disease. It was also used in the past to describe what is now called CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME (CFS).
Health Source: Medical Dictionary
Author: Health Dictionary
n. a set of psychological and physical symptoms, including fatigue, irritability, headache, dizziness, and intolerance of noise. It can be caused by organic damage, such as a head injury, or it can be due to anxiety. —neurasthenic adj., n.
Health Source: Oxford | Concise Colour Medical Dictionary
Author: Jonathan Law, Elizabeth Martin

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (cfs)

See also MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS (ME). A condition characterised by severe, disabling mental and physical fatigue brought on by mental or physical activity and associated with a range of symptoms including muscle pain, headaches, poor sleep, disturbed moods and impaired concentration. The prevalence of the condition is between 0.2 and 2.6 per cent of the population (depending on how investigators de?ne CFS/ME). Despite the stereotype of ‘yuppie ?u’, epidemiological research has shown that the condition occurs in all socioeconomic and ethnic groups. It is commoner in women and can also occur in children.

In the 19th century CFS was called neurasthenia. In the UK, myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) is often used, a term originally introduced to describe a speci?c outbreak such as the one at the Royal Free Hospital, London in 1955. The term is inaccurate as there is no evidence of in?ammation of the brain and spinal cord (the meaning of encephalomyelitis). Doctors prefer the term CFS, but many patients see this as derogatory, perceiving it to imply that they are merely ‘tired all the time’ rather than having a disabling illness.

The cause (or causes) are unknown, so the condition is classi?ed alongside other ‘medically unexplained syndromes’ such as IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME (IBS) and multiple chemical sensitivity – all of which overlap with CFS. In many patients the illness seems to start immediately after a documented infection, such as that caused by EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS, or after viral MENINGITIS, Q FEVER and TOXOPLASMOSIS. These infections seem to be a trigger rather than a cause: mild immune activation is found in patients, but it is not known if this is cause or e?ect. The body’s endocrine system is disturbed, particularly the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis, and levels of cortisol are often a little lower than normal – the opposite of what is found in severe depression. Psychiatric disorder, usually depression and/or anxiety, is associated with CFS, with rates too high to be explained solely as a reaction to the disability experienced.

Because we do not know the cause, the underlying problem cannot be dealt with e?ectively and treatments are directed at the factors leading to symptoms persisting. For example, a slow increase in physical activity can help many, as can COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY. Too much rest can be harmful, as muscles are rapidly weakened, but aggressive attempts at coercing patients into exercising can be counter-productive as their symptoms may worsen. Outcome is in?uenced by the presence of any pre-existing psychiatric disorder and the sufferer’s beliefs about its causes and treatment. Research continues.... chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs)

Paeonia Officinalis

Linn.

Family: Paeoniaceae.

Habitat: Indigenous to Great Britain.

English: Paeony.

Unani: Ood Saleeb, Ood Gharqi.

Action: Root—antispasmodic, sedative, smooth muscle relaxant, vasodilatory, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, em- menagogue, hepatoprotective. Flower—used for diseases of mucous membranes, fissures, anal fissures associated with haemorrhoids, also for ailments of the respiratory tract, nervous conditions and skin diseases. Root— used for arthritis, neuralgia, neurasthenia, migraine, epilepsy, allergic disorders, whooping cough and painful spasms.

The herb gave monoterpene ester glucosides of the pinen-type (including paeoniflorin); anthocyanin including paeonin; tannins (pentagalloyl glucose); flavonoids including kaempferol glycosides.

Paeoniflorin shows a smooth muscle relaxant, vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating and some CNS depressant activity in animal studies. Pentagalloyl glucose exhibited antiviral activity in animal studies in vitro against herpes simplex.

German Commission E included Paeony (flower and root) among un- approved herbs. The Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China indicates the use of the root in dementia, headache and vertigo. (WHO.)... paeonia officinalis

Anaemia: Haemolytic

A blood condition due to abnormal destruction of red blood cells in the spleen.

Causes: hereditary background with deficiency of cell enzymes or cell membrane weakness; wrongly matched blood transfusion, environmental chemicals, food additives, colourings, drugs, infections. Symptoms. Pale face, sore tongue, headache, dizziness, palpitations, breathlessness, angina, weakness, loss of weight and appetite, jaundice (yellow skin), feverishness, vague aches and pains, enlarged spleen and pain under left ribs.

Treatment. Under hospital supervision.

Echinacea has a long reputation for regeneration of red blood cells: experience shows it beneficial for this type of anaemia. To assist control of symptoms: Gentian, Motherwort, Mugwort, Barberry, Hops, Saw Palmetto.

Bitter herbs stimulate the stomach, liver and pancreas. By increasing the appetite they benefit digestion and are given half an hour before meals by tea or decoction: Hops, Quassia chips, Angostura, Feverfew, Bogbean.

Formula. Tea. Milk Thistle 2; Betony 1; Hops 1. Mix. 1-2 teaspoon to each cup boiling water. Infuse 5-15 minutes. 1 cup, thrice daily.

Decoction. Echinacea 1; Sarsaparilla 1; Peruvian bark half; Saw Palmetto half. Mix. 2 teaspoons to 2 cups water, simmer gently 20 minutes. Half a cup, cold, thrice daily before meals.

For weak heart add one part Hawthorn; neurasthenia (Ginkgo); swelling of ankles (Lily of the Valley); loss of hormonal balance (Ginseng).

Prognosis. Surgical removal of spleen may be necessary.

Diet. Dandelion coffee, molasses, desiccated or fresh calves’ liver. Green leafy vegetables, dried beans, apricots. Shellfish, milk, eggs, Soya, meats. Supplements. Daily. Vitamin B12 1mg; Vitamin C, 1g; Folic acid 400mcg; Floradix. ... anaemia: haemolytic

Muira-puama

Liriosma ovata, Miers. Root.

Keynote: impotence.

Action: aphrodisiac.

Uses: impotence, infertility, neurasthenia.

Preparations: Average dose, half-2 grams, thrice daily.

Decoction: half-1 teaspoon to each cup water gently simmered 20 minutes; dose one-third-1 cup. Liquid Extract BHP (1983): 1:1 in 60 per cent alcohol. Dose, half-2ml. ... muira-puama

Neuralgia

a stabbing pain along a nerve pathway. Neurasthenia: nervous exhaustion.... neuralgia

Alfalfa

Purple medick, lucerne, Californian clover, Buffalo herb. Medicago sativa L. German: Luzerne. French: Luzerne. Italian: Medica. Chinese: Mu-su. Part used: leaves.

Habitat. Native to Asia but now found in temperate zones.

Constituents. Alkaloids, isoflavones, coumarins, sterols. Contains eight essential enzymes:– amylase (digests starches), coagulase (coagulates milk), invertase (converts sugar into dextrose), emulsin (acts upon sugars), peroxidase (oxidases blood), lipase (fat-splitting enzyme), pectinase (forms a vegetable jelly from pectin), protase (digests protein). Together with its rich content of vitamins and minerals, Alfalfa offers an effective aid to cover a wide range of diverse conditions.

Vitamin content: pro-Vitamin A (B-carotene), B6, C, D, E, K, P. Yields 20,000 to 40,000 units Vitamin K to every 100 grams, and is therefore a useful preventative of high blood pressure.

Minerals. Alfalfa yields 10 times more mineral value than average grains. Roots penetrate subsoil as far as 125 feet, thus enabling it to absorb vital mineral nutrients beyond the reach of other vegetation. Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium.

Action. Anti-cholesterol, anti-haemorrhagic, anti-anaemia, anti-coagulant. Traditional anti-diabetic activity (South Africa).

Uses: To promote strong bones and rebuild decayed teeth. Nutrient to increase weight and vitality. Lumbago, rheumatism, dyspepsia, back ache, fistula, chronic ulcer, infections of sinus, ear, nose and throat. Affections of respiratory tract, certain forms of insulin-dependent diabetes. Rich in chlorophyll, it stimulates growth of supportive connective tissue and is useful for collagen disease – arthritis etc. Assists granulation of tissue in healing of wounds, abscesses. Relieves constipation by gently activating peristalsis of the bowels. Frequent cups of tea have a diuretic effect relieving dropsy, kidney, bladder and prostate disorders. Fattens thin people. Builds up after surgical operation. Hyperlipidaemia. Repair of radiotherapy damage.

Preparations: Tea: 2-3 teaspoons to each cup boiling water; infuse 5-10 minutes. Drink freely.

Diuretic tea. Herbs: Alfalfa 3, Couchgrass 2, Buchu 1, Wild Carrot 1. Mix. 1-2 teaspoons to each cup boiling water; infuse 5-10 minutes. Half-1 cup thrice daily.

Liquid extract, BHP (1983), 1:1 in 25 per cent alcohol. Dose: 5-10ml thrice daily.

Green drink. Fresh Alfalfa passed through a blender; juice drunk in wineglassful doses. Alfalfa ‘sprouts’ are grown from seed in a shallow tray and contain 150 per cent more protein than wheat or corn. Daily rinsed with water, they are allowed to germinate to about half inch in height when they are chopped and used in salads. See: SPROUTS.

Any one of these preparations favourably influences nutrition in cases of anorexia nervosa, neurasthenia, insomnia, feeble appetite, and to increase the flow of milk in young nursing mothers. Taken regularly, it is believed to dispose to mental and physical well-being.

Capsules (powder). 250mg: 2 capsules thrice daily during meals. (Arkocaps) Tablets. 500mg. (Meadowcroft)

Note: Alfalfa should not be taken with Vitamin E, the action of which it vitiates. ... alfalfa

Brain Disorders

Usually associated with some loss of sensation and power in another part of the body. Taste, smell, hearing, sight and movement may be affected. The following are some of the disorders that may affect the brain. Each has a separate entry in this book.

Abscess, Alzheimer’s Disease, anoxia (oxygen starvation), coma, concussion, haemorrhage, Down’s syndrome, epilepsy, tumour, hydrocephalus (water on the brain), meningitis, multiple sclerosis, stroke (rupture of blood vessel), spina bifida, syphilis (general paralysis of the insane), sleepy sickness.

Poor circulation through the brain due to hardening of the arteries: Ginkgo, Ginseng. Ginseng stimulates the hypothalmic/pituitary axis of the brain and favourably influences its relationship with the adrenal glands.

Congestion of the brain – Cowslip (Boerwicke). Irritability of brain and spine – Hops. Oats. Inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) as in viral infection, poliomyelitis, rabies, sleepy sickness, etc: Echinacea, Passion flower, Skullcap and Lobelia. Gelsemium acts as a powerful relaxant in the hands of a practitioner: Tincture BPC (1973): dose 0.3ml.

Brain storm from hysteria, locomotor ataxia, etc – Liquid Extract Lobelia: 5ml teaspoon in water when necessary (Dr Jentzsch, 1915, Ellingwood) Supplement with Zinc, Vitamins C and E.

Blood clot, thrombosis: Yarrow. Neurasthenia: Oats, Basil, Hops.

Brain fag and jet-lag: Chamomile, Skullcap, Oats, Ginseng, Ginkgo.

Tumour may be present years before manifesting: Goldenseal.

Mental state: depression, anxiety, schizophrenia.

Tea. Formula. Skullcap, Gotu Kola and German Chamomile; equal parts. 1 heaped teaspoon to each cup water gently simmered 10 minutes. Strain. 1 cup thrice daily.

Unspecified tensive state. Formula. Tinctures. Hops 1; Passion flower 2; Valerian 2. Dose: 2 teaspoons thrice daily until diagnosis is concluded.

Unspecified torpor. Formula. Tinctures. Ginseng 1; Kola 1; Capsicum quarter. 2 teaspoons in water thrice daily until diagnosis is concluded.

Brain weakness in the elderly: Ginkgo. See: ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE.

Fluid on the brain: see HYDROCEPHALUS.

Abscess of the brain: see ABSCESS.

Brain restoratives. Black Haw, True Unicorn root, Galangal, Oats, Oatstraw, False Unicorn root, Kola, Hops. Vitamin B6. Magnesium.

Cerebral thrombosis. See entry.

Note: Cold water may help victims to survive: rapid loss of body heat protects the brain. (Child Health Department, University of Wales)

Treatment by or in liaison with general medical practitioner or hospital specialist. ... brain disorders

Cactus

Selenicereus grandiflorus. Night-blooming cereus. German: Kaktus. French: Cactier. Spanish: Cactus. Italian: Cacto. Dried or fresh flowers.

Constituents: alkaloids, flavonoids.

Action: cardiac stimulant, increasing force of the heart beat. Central nervous system stimulant. Tonic to sympathetic nervous system. Increases size of the heart-beat and reduces its frequency. Not an emergency agent such as Digitalis; requires time for action. Not a depressant.

Uses: Heart weakness with low blood pressure and valvular insufficiency. Rapid pulse with loss of body strength. “Chest held in a vice”. Unstable angina or coronary disease. Numbness of left arm. Relieves difficult breathing or congestion of the lungs of heart causation. As it has no known side-effects it enables heart sufferers to face the world with renewed confidence. Aneurism. Cholesterolised arteries, arteritis (temporal), heart murmur. Sexual neurasthenia, masturbation palpitation. Secondary prophylaxis following myocardial infarction.

Preparations: Thrice daily.

Tea. 2-3 flowers to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. Dose, one-third to half a cup. Liquid Extract: 1-8 drops.

Combination: Action is enhanced by addition of Motherwort and Oatstraw (equal parts). Tincture of Cereus, BPC 1934: dose 0.12 to 2ml (2-30 drops) in water. ... cactus

Cola

Kola seeds. Cola nitida. Cola acuminata. German: Kolabaum. French: Cafe? du Soudan. Spanish: Kola. Italian: Noci del sudan. Malayan: Kelapong. Part used: dried powdered seeds. Constituents: Caffeine, theobromine, kolanin, gum, tannic acid, phenols.

Keynote: cerebro-spinal stimulant.

Action: Nerve tonic, anti-depressant, diuretic, astringent, anti-diarrhoeal. Thymoleptic BHP (1983). Strengthens action of the heart by increasing its muscular power. Antidepressant. Stimulates the central nervous system and strengthens the heart by increasing its muscular power.

Uses: Physical and mental exhaustion (jet-lag), brain fatigue, neurasthenia, convalescence, muscle weakness, headache, depression. Diarrhoea, dysentery. Contains caffeine which increases mental alertness, heart rate and passage of urine. Low blood pressure. Not given in presence of high blood pressure.

Traditional combinations: (1) with Damiana and Saw Palmetto for sexual weakness. (2) with Skullcap and Oatstraw for depression and nerve debility.

Burroughs and Wellcome (1900) issued a tabloid “Forced March” (Kola compound 5g) used during the South African war and continued until 1937. Today similar preparations exist for jet-travel and tired business-men.

Side-effects: over-excitability.

Preparations: Average dose: 1 to 3 grams. Thrice daily.

Decoction (powder). Half a teaspoon to each cup water gently simmered 10 minutes. Dose 1 cup. Powder/tablets: 1 to 3g.

Liquid Extract, BHC Vol 1. 1:1, 60 per cent ethanol. Dose: 0.6 to 1.2ml.

Tincture BPC (1934). 1:5 in 60 per cent alcohol. Dose: 1-4ml. ... cola

Ginseng - King Plant

Panax schinseng, Nees. Panax ginseng. German: Gensang. French: Panax. Italian: Ginseng. Chinese: Huang shen. C.A. Meyer. Roots. More suited to men than women. Used as a medicine in the Far East for over 4,000 years. Source of natural steroids (oestrogens), raising natural immunity. All Ginsengs enhance the natural resistance and recuperative power of the body. Produces opposite effects; i.e. it is both sedative and stimulant; in some it raises, in others it lowers blood pressure. Raises some cholesterol factors while reducing the overall amount in the blood. Hypoglycaemic. Aphrodisiac. Heart tonic. Old age re-vitaliser. Adaptogen. Used by the People’s Republic of China for a wide range of disorders. Source of the element Germanium.

Constituents: gum, resin, starch, saponin glycosides, volatile oil.

Uses: Physical weakness, neurasthenia, recovery after surgery. Promotes physical and intellectual efficiency. A mood-raiser. Induces a feeling of well being and stability. Depression, sexual debility, sleeplessness. The sportsman’s remedy, improving running ability and endurance. Retards build-up of lactic acid which normally occurs during hard exercise and causes fatigue. Increases resistance to excess cold or heat exposure and to a working environment with a noisy background. Lessens side-effects of insulin in diabetes. To help the body adapt to a changed environment (jet lag). Enhances mental performance in students. Promotes biosynthesis of DNA and RNA.

Preparations: Miscellaneous products available. Single morning dose.

Decoction. Half-1 teaspoon to each cup water gently simmered 10 minutes, or added to a cup of domestic tea.

Powder. Half-1g daily.

Contra-indications: hyperactivity in children, pregnancy, high blood pressure, menopause. Not taken continuously but for periods from 1 week to 1 month. Should not be taken with coffee. ... ginseng - king plant

Hypotension

Insufficient pressure to propel contents of the circulatory vessels throughout the body. Persistent low blood pressure is usually the result of blood loss following accident, infection, anaemic disorders or shock from heart attack. Blood pressure is naturally low during sleep.

Causes: failure of the adrenal glands, tuberculosis, neurasthenia, psychological shock, constitutional debility. Blood pressure is consistently below 110mmHg. Myocardial infarction. Fainting attack. Symptoms. Dizziness, headache, fatigue, fainting, ringing in the ears, feels low, panicky, unable to concentrate, neurotic impulses, anxiety.

Alternatives. Underlying cause must be treated. Rest, tonics, good food, sunshine. When due to shock, hospital treatment may be necessary. Tonics and adrenal stimulants assist in raising pressure. Rosemary of special value. Hypotensives and antidepressant should not be given.

In general use. Broom BHP (1983), Cactus (Dr A. Vogel), Camphor (circulatory stimulant), Cayenne (Dr S. Thomson), Echinacea, Ephedra, Garlic, Gentian, Ginseng BHP (1983), Goldenseal, Peppermint, Hawthorn (D. Hoffmann), Hyssop (Dr A. Vogel), Kola, Nettles, Prickly Ash bark, Lily of the Valley, Rosemary, Betony. Bladderwrack, Bogbean (A. Thompson), Wormwood, Hyssop. Fenugreek tea of special value.

Tonic Tea. Mix equal parts: Betony, Rosemary, Alfalfa, Peppermint. 1-2 teaspoons to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. 1 cup 2-3 times daily.

Rosemary leaves. 1 teaspoon to cup boiling water, infuse 15 minutes. Drink cold: half-1 cup morning and evening.

Tablets/capsules. Ginseng, Prickly Ash, Garlic, Hawthorn, Damiana, Kola, Ginkgo.

Powders. Formula. Rosemary 2; Kola 1; Ginger quarter. Dose: 500mg (two 00 capsules or one-third teaspoon) thrice daily.

Liquid Extract. Kola nuts BPC (1934). Dose: 10-20 drops thrice daily.

Tincture. Kola nuts BPC (1934). Dose: 15-60 drops thrice daily.

Practitioner. Tincture Ephedra 1:4 in 45 per cent alcohol BHP (1983). Dose: 6-8ml morning and evening.

Alternative Formula. Tinctures. Cactus 2; Rosemary 1; Ephedra 2; Ginger quarter. Dose: 1-2 teaspoons, thrice daily.

Dr A. Vogel. Formula. Hawthorn 6; Valerian 1; Cactus 1; E. Holly (Ilex Aqui) 1; Hyssop 1. Aromatherapy. Essential oils of Olive, Lemon, Milk-Thistle, Rosemary, for external application. Oil of Camphor (circulatory stimulant) as an inhalant.

Diet. Potassium-rich foods, citrus fruits, bananas, potatoes, nuts, oatmeal porridge. Cayenne at table as a condiment. Brewer’s yeast to produce albumin which forms 60 per cent of protein in plasma of the blood. Avoid eggs.

Supplements. Kelp, Garlic, Multivitamin, Zinc.

Note: People with low blood pressure tend to live longer than others.

See: BLOOD PRESSURE. ... hypotension

Lassitude

See: WEAKNESS.

LAVENDER. Lavendula vera. Lavendula angustifolia. Flowers.

Constituents: flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenes, volatile oil.

Action: inhalant, antidepressive, antispasmodic, cephalic, pleasant antiseptic, carminative, rubefacient (oil), sedative, anticonvulsant. Antimicrobial. (B.N. Uzdennikov, Nauch, Tr. Tyumen. Sel-Khoz. Inst., No 7, 116 1970)

Uses: Nervous headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, depression, sluggish circulation, chilblains, insomnia, for transient reduction in high blood pressure; windy colic, physical and mental exhaustion, neurasthenia, sense of panic and fainting (1-3 drops in honey). Toothache, sprains, sinusitis, bladder infection. To relieve stress; calm and relax. Migraine (hot).

Combines well with Lime flowers (Lavender 1; Lime flowers 3) for transient high blood pressure. Preparations. Dried flowers, dose: half-2 grams. Thrice daily.

Tea. 1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water: infuse 15 minutes. Dose: one-third to half cup.

Home liniment. Place handful (approximately 50g) flowers in 1 pint (500ml) 60 per cent alcohol (vodka, etc). Macerate 8 days in cool shady place; shake daily. Filter. Massage into affected area.

Tincture BHP (1983). 1 part to 5 parts 60 per cent alcohol. Dose: 2-4ml.

Tablets/capsules. 500mg (two 00 capsules or one-third teaspoon).

Aromatherapy: oil used for a wide range of conditions.

Lavender oil, Used externally for neuralgia, rheumatism, aching muscles or to smear over forehead for migraine.

Lavender bath. 1oz (30g) fresh flowers and tips to 1 pint (500ml) water. Bring to boil. Remove vessel when boiling point is reached. Strain. Add to bath water. Tonic effect. ... lassitude

Oats

Oatstraw. Avena sativa L. Husks of oats. German: Evenhafer. French: Avoine. Spanish: Avena. Italian: Biada.

Constituents: glycosyl flavones, proteins, Vitamin E, oil, proteins.

Action: nerve restorative, antidepressant, tranquilliser, brain tonic. Cardiac tonic BHP (1983). Nutrient with selective action on brain and nerve cells. Source of minerals. Thymoleptic. Improves performance of athletes and stamina.

“Oats have the highest content of iron, zinc and manganese of all grain species.” (Dr A. Vogel)

Uses: Benzodiazepine, Valium or other drug addiction – with Valerian and Skullcap to assist withdrawal. Alcoholism. Nerve and physical weakness with depression and anxiety. Debility following illness; recovery from surgical operation. Neurasthenia. Tension and irritability through overwork. Headache with pain at back of the neck; sleeplessness, shingles, hyperactivity in children. Nerve tremor in the aged not caused by Parkinson’s or other nerve degenerative diseases. May be taken with benefit for general well-being in chronic nerve dyscrasies but with limited improvement in basic condition. Sometimes proves of benefit for schizophrenic tendency. Sexual weakness with night losses and impotence. Combines well with Saw Palmetto for spermatorrhoea. Combines with Valerian and Wood Betony for nerve weakness, to minimise attacks of petit mal, chorea and other convulsive states. Does not combine well with Passion flower or Cypripedium.

Contra-indicated in cases sensitive to gluten.

Preparations: Average dose, 1-2 grams or equivalent. Thrice daily. An older generation of herbalists prepared their tinctures and extracts from the green flowering unripe wild Oats as the effective constituent is unstable. Taken hot, effects are more immediate.

Tea: oatstraw: 1-2 teaspoons to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. Drink freely.

Tincture BHP (1983) 1 part to 5 parts 45 per cent alcohol. Macerate and shake daily for 8 days; dose, 1- 5ml.

Extracts, groats and oatmeal products are all beneficial but are not of the same efficacy as the fresh green plant.

Oatstraw bath: 2-3 handfuls oatstraw. Simmer in 2-3 litres water for 5 minutes; strain; add to bathwater. Liquid Extract: dose: 1-2ml in water.

Traditional combination: equal parts – Oats, Passion flower, Hops and Valerian. Diet. Porridge, but not to be eaten by the gluten intolerant.

Side-effects: none known. ... oats

Asafetida

Ferula asa-foetida

FAMILY: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

SYNONYMS: Asafoetida, gum asafetida, devil’s dung, food of the gods, giant fennel.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: A large branching perennial herb up to 3 metres high, with a thick fleshy root system and pale yellow-green flowers.

DISTRIBUTION: Native to Afghanistan, Iran and other regions of south west Asia.

OTHER SPECIES: There are several other species of Ferula which yield the oleoresin known as ‘asafetida’, e.g. Tibetan asafetida, which is also used to a lesser extent in commerce.

HERBAL/FOLK TRADITION: In Chinese medicine it has been used since the seventh century as a nerve stimulant in treating neurasthenia. It is also widely used in traditional Indian medicine, where it is believed to stimulate the brain. In general, it has the reputation for treating various ailments including asthma, bronchitis, convulsions, coughs, constipation, flatulence and hysteria. The foliage of the plant is used as a local vegetable. It is current in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia as a specific for intestinal flatulent colic.

ACTIONS: Antispasmodic, carminative, expectorant, hypotensive, stimulant. Animals are repelled by its odour.

EXTRACTION: The oleoresin is obtained by making incisions into the root and above ground parts of the plant. The milky juice is left to leak out and harden into dark reddish lumps, before being scraped off and collected. The essential oil is then obtained from the resin by steam distillation. An absolute, resinoid and tincture are also produced.

CHARACTERISTICS: A yellowy-orange oil with a bitter acrid taste and a strong, tenacious odour resembling garlic. However, beneath this odour there is a sweet, balsamic note.

PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS: Disulphides, notably 2-butyl propenyl disulphide with monoterpenes, free ferulic acid, valeric, traces of vanillin, among others.

SAFETY DATA: Available information indicates the oil to be relatively non-toxic and non-irritant. However, it has the reputation for being the most adulterated ‘drug’ on the market. Before being sold, the oleoresin is often mixed with red clay or similar substitutes.

AROMATHERAPY/HOME: USE

Respiratory System: ‘There is evidence that the volatile oil is expelled through the lungs, therefore it is excellent for asthma, bronchitis, whooping cough etc.’3

Nervous system: Fatigue, nervous exhaustion and stress-related conditions.

OTHER USES: Now rarely used in pharmaceutical preparations; formerly used as a local stimulant for the mucous membranes. Occasionally used as a fixative and fragrance component in perfumes, especially rose bases and heavy oriental types. Employed in a wide variety of food categories, mainly condiments and sauces.... asafetida

Melissa

Melissa officinalis

FAMILY: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

SYNONYMS: Lemon balm, common balm, bee balm, sweet balm, heart’s delight, honey plant.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: A sweet-scented herb about 60 cms high, soft and bushy, with bright green serrated leaves, square stems and tiny white or pink flowers.

DISTRIBUTION: Native to the Mediterranean region, now common throughout Europe, Middle Asia, North America, North Africa and Siberia. Mainly cultivated in France, Spain, Germany and Russia.

OTHER SPECIES: Several varieties, e.g. a variegated leaf type, common in gardens.

HERBAL/FOLK TRADITION: One of the earliest known medicinal herbs – Paracelsus called it the ‘Elixir of Life’. It was associated particularly with nervous disorders, the heart and the emotions. It was used for anxiety, melancholy, etc, and to strengthen and revive the vital spirit. Generally employed for digestive and respiratory complaints of nervous origin such as asthma, indigestion and flatulence. It also helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and promote fertility. Effective remedy for wasp and bee stings. In France the leaves are still used a great deal in pharmaceutical and herbal products. Current in the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia for flatulent dyspepsia, neurasthenia and depressive illness.

ACTIONS: Antidepressant, antihistaminic, antispasmodic, bactericidal, carminative, cordial, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hypertensive, insect-repellent, nervine, sedative, stomachic, sudorific, tonic, uterine, vermifuge.

EXTRACTION: Essential oil by steam distillation from the leaves and flowering tops.

CHARACTERISTICS: A pale yellow liquid with a light, fresh lemony fragrance. It blends well with lavender, geranium, floral and citrus oils.

PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS: Citral, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, linalyl acetate, among others.

SAFETY DATA: Available information indicates non-toxic. Possible sensitization and dermal irritation: use in low dilutions only. Care must also be taken because this is one of the most frequently adulterated oils. Most commercial so-called ‘melissa’ contains some or all of the following: lemon; lemongrass or citronella.

AROMATHERAPY/HOME: USE

Skin care: Allergies, insect bites, insect repellent. ‘Melissa in very low concentration is a very valuable oil indeed in treating eczema and other skin problems.’.

Respiratory system: Asthma, bronchitis, chronic coughs.

Digestive system: Colic, indigestion, nausea.

Genito-urinary system: Menstrual problems.

Nervous system: Anxiety, depression, hypertension, insomnia, migraine, nervous tension, shock and vertigo.

OTHER USES: Occasionally used in pharmaceutical preparations. Used extensively as a fragrance component in toiletries, cosmetics and perfumes. Employed in most major food categories including alcoholic and soft drinks.... melissa

Mint, Spearmint

Mentha spicata

FAMILY: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

SYNONYMS: M. viridis, common spearmint, garden spearmint, spire mint, green mint, lamb mint, pea mint, fish mint.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: A hardy branched perennial herb with bright green, lance-shaped, sharply toothed leaves, quickly spreading underground runners and pink or lilac-coloured flowers in slender cylindrical spikes.

DISTRIBUTION: Native to the Mediterranean region, now common throughout Europe, western Asia and the Middle East. It was introduced to the USA where it has become a very popular flavouring. The oil is produced in midwest USA, Hungary, Spain, Yugoslavia, the USSR and China.

OTHER SPECIES: There are several different types of spearmint, especially in the USA, such as the curly mint (M. spicata var. crispa). In Russia the oil from M. verticellata is also sold as spearmint oil.

HERBAL/FOLK TRADITION: Valued all over the world as a culinary herb, as shown by its folk names. It was used by the ancient Greeks as a restorative and to scent their bathwater. The distilled water is used to relieve hiccough, colic, nausea, indigestion and flatulence. ‘Applied to the forehead and temples, it eases the pains in the head, and is good to wash the heads of young children with, against all manner of breakings out, sores or scabs ... being smelled unto, it is comforting to the head.’.

ACTIONS: Anaesthetic (local), antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, cephalic, cholagogue, decongestant, digestive, diuretic, expectorant, febrifuge, hepatic, nervine, stimulant, stomachic, tonic.

EXTRACTION: Essential oil by steam distillation from the flowering tops.

CHARACTERISTICS: A pale yellow or olive mobile liquid with a warm, spicy-herbaceous, minty odour. It blends well with lavender, lavandin, jasmine, eucalyptus, basil and rosemary and is often used in combination with peppermint.

PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS: L-carvone (50–70 per cent), dihydrocarvone, phellandrene, limonene, menthone, menthol, pulegone, cineol, linalol, pinenes, among others.

SAFETY DATA: Non-toxic, non-irritant, non-sensitizing.

AROMATHERAPY/HOME: USE ‘The properties of spearmint oil resemble those of peppermint but its effects are less powerful ... it is better adapted to children’s maladies.’.

Skin care: Acne, dermatitis, congested skin.

Respiratory system: Asthma, bronchitis, catarrhal conditions, sinusitis.

Digestive system: Colic, dyspepsia, flatulence, hepatobiliary disorders, nausea, vomiting.

Immune system: Colds, fevers, ’flu.

Nervous system: Fatigue, headache, migraine, nervous strain, neurasthenia, stress.

OTHER USES: Used as a fragrance component, mainly in soaps and colognes. Primarily used as a flavour ingredient in a wide range of products, including toothpaste, chewing gum, sweets, alcoholic and soft drinks.... mint, spearmint




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