Odds Ratio: From 2 Different Sources
1 A measure of association which quantifies the relationship between an exposure and outcome from a comparative study; also known as the cross-product ratio. 2 Comparison of the presence of a risk factor in a sample.
a measure of the association between an exposure and an outcome, calculated by comparing the odds of the outcome of interest in those who are given and those who are not given exposure with the outcome of interest. It is most commonly used in *case control studies.
Limiting the availability of something (e.g. due to a shortage of the item itself or of resources with which to buy it).... rationing
The ratio of one sex to another. Usually defined as the ratio of males to females.... sex ratio
An indicator used in population studies to measure the portion of the population which is economically dependent on active age groups. It is calculated as the sum of the 0-14 year-olds and the over 60 or 65 year-olds, depending on the working age limit considered, divided by the number of people aged between 15 and 59 or 64, respectively.... dependency ratio
Service provision targets established by an authority on a population basis.... planning ratio
The value obtained by dividing one quantity by another: a general term of which rate, proportion, percentage, etc. are subsets. A ratio is an expression of the relationship between a numerator and a denominator where the two usually are separate and distinct quantities, neither being included in the other.... ratio
See “measurement scale”.... ratio scale
see INR.... international normalized ratio
the degree to which a test result will change the odds that a patient has a disease. The likelihood ratio for a positive test expresses the degree to which the odds that a patient has a disease increase following a positive test. The likelihood ratio for a negative test expresses the degree to which the odds that a patient has a disease decrease following a negative test. Likelihood ratios depend on the *sensitivity and specificity of the test.... likelihood ratio
a laboratory measurement used as a screening test for the first signs of kidney damage in *diabetes mellitus. It detects an increase in the very small levels of the protein albumin present in urine, relative to the concentration of creatinine. It is best measured in an early morning urine sample. See microalbuminuria.... microalbumin:creatinine ratio
n. (in psychology) the explanation of events or behaviour in terms that avoid giving the true reasons. For example, someone may claim to have been too tired to go to a party whereas in fact he or she was afraid of meeting new people.... rationalization
(SMR) the ratio of observed mortality rate to expected mortality rate (calculated using indirect standardization), expressed as an integer where 100 represents agreement between observed and expected rates. See standardized rates.... standardized mortality ratio
(WHR) the ratio of the circumference of the waist to that of the hips. It is used as a measure of obesity and is a more reliable predictor of obesity-related mortality than *body mass index alone.... waist to hip ratio
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