Pinus roxburghii Health Dictionary

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Pinus Roxburghii: From 1 Different Sources

Sarg.

Synonym: P. longifolia Roxb.

Family: Pinaceae.

Habitat: The Western and Eastern Himalayas.

English: Long-leaved Pine, Three- leaved Pine, Chir Pine.

Ayurvedic: Sarala, Pita-vriksha, Surabhidaaruka, Dhuupavriksha, Namasu. Oleo-resin—Shriveshtaka, Ghandh-Birojaa.

Unani: Sanobar-ul-Hindi. Oleoresin—Gandh-Bihrojaa, Qinn, Berzad.

Siddha/Tamil: Simaidevadaru.

Action: Needle, needle oil— decongestant, expectorant, antiseptic. Oil—used in cough and cold remedies, particularly inhalations and in rubefacients for rheumatism and muscle stiffness. Resin— expectorant, antiseptic, antipruritic.

The essential oil from oleoresin contains chiefly alpha-and beta-pinene; carene and longifoline.

Pinus pinaster Ait (Cluster Pine, Maritime Pine) has been successfully grown in Kulu, Manali and Rahini. German Commission E recognized the efficacy of the needle-oil in catarrhal diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (internally, as well as externally).

Dosage: Heartwood, root—1-3 g powder. (API, Vol. III.)
Health Source: Indian Medicinal Plants
Author: Health Dictionary

Drypetes Roxburghii

(Wall.) Hurusawa.

Synonym: Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.

Family: Euphorbiaceae.

Habitat: Wild and cultivated throughout tropical India.

Ayurvedic: Putrajivaka, Sutajva, Putrakamanjari.

Siddha/Tamil: Karupali, Irukolli.

Action: Leaves, fruits and stones of fruits are given in colds and fevers, also in rheumatic affections. Rosaries, made ofhard stones of the fruit, are placed around the necks of children to protect them from diseases.

The seed kernel yield 0.5% of a sharp- smelling essential oil of the mustard oil type. The oil contains isopropyl and 2-butyl isothiocyanates as the main constituents and 2-methyl-butyl isoth- iocyanate as minor component. Anad- ditional glucoside, glucocleomin, has been found in the seed kernels. A glu- cosidic pattern similar to that in the seeds is reported in the shoots and roots. The fruit pulp contains a large proportion of mannitol and small quantities of a saponin glucoside and alkaloid.

The alkaloid is also present in a small quantity in the stones of the fruit.

Dosage: Seed, leaf, bark—3-6 g powder. (CCRAS.)... drypetes roxburghii

Erythraea Roxburghii

G. Don.

Synonym: Centaurium roxburghii (G. Don) Druce.

Family: Gentianaceae.

Habitat: Sub-tropical and temperate regions.

Ayurvedic: Kiraat-tikta (related species), Yavatiktaa (related species) (A substitute for Swertia chirayita.)

Folk: Khet-chiraayataa.

Key application: Erythraea centaurium—in loss of appetite and peptic discomfort. (German Commission E.)... erythraea roxburghii

Heterophragma Roxburghii

DC.

Synonym: H. quadriloculare (Roxb.) D. Schum.

Habitat: Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

Ayurvedic: Waarasa.

Siddha/Tamil: Barokalagoru.

Folk: Pullunga, Paatang (Maharashtra).

Action: Tar extracted from wood— used in skin diseases. Leaf juice— applied externally on toe sores and in chilblain.

The flowers gave hentriacontane and allantoin; the leaves contain ursolic acid and sitosterol. The seeds contain a saponin (rhamnoside), lupeol, beta- sitosterol, stigmasterol and cubulin. The essential oil from flowers exhibits antimicrobial activity.... heterophragma roxburghii

Pinus Excelsa

Wall. ex D. Don.

Synonym: P. wallichiana A. B. Jackson.

Family: Pinaceae.

Habitat: Himalayas from Kashmir to Bhutan at 1,800-3,700 m, also Assam.

English: Indian Blue Pine, Bhutan Pine, Five-leaved Pine.

Ayurvedic: Sarala (var.). Folk: Chillaa.

Action: Uses similar to Pinus roxburghii.

The essential oil contains alpha-and beta-pinene as major constituents.... pinus excelsa

Pinus Gerardiana

Wall.

Family: Pinaceae.

Habitat: Northwest Himalayas from Garhwal eastwards at altitudes of 1,800-3,000 m.

English: Neosia Pine, Edible Pine, Chilgoza Pine.

Ayurvedic: Nikochaka. Unani: Chilgozaa.

Action: Kernels—stimulant, carminative, expectorant. Oil from seeds—externally used for wounds and ulcers.

The kernels gave protein 15.9, fat 49.9, carbohydrates 21.6 and mineral matter 2.9%. The mineral constituents include calcium 90.8, phosphorus 92.4 and iron 2.4 mg/100 g. Pectin is present to the extent of 1.73% (calculated as calcium pectate). Seed protein on hydrolysis gave amino acids—leucine, iso- leucine, valine, lysine, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine. The oil gave glycerides. The essential oil from oleoresin contains alpha-and beta-pi- nene as major constituents; other constituents are sesquiterpenes.... pinus gerardiana

Pinus Succinifera

(Goppert) Cornw.

Family: Pinaceae.

Habitat: Native of northern scandinavia.

English: Baltic Amber, Succinite.

Unani: Ambar, Kahruubaa,

Action: Cardiac tonic, styptic. Vateria indica is used in Unani medicine as a substitute for P succinifera gum-resin (Fossil-resin).... pinus succinifera

Vernonia Roxburghii

Less.

Family: Compositae; Asteraceae.

Habitat: Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Bihar.

Ayurvedic: Sahadevi (related species).

Folk: Doraa-baahaa.

Action: Roots—used for articular rheumatism.... vernonia roxburghii

Pinus Khasya

Royle.

Synonym: P. insularis Endl.

Family: Pinaceae.

Habitat: Assam; introduced into hills of North Bengal.

English: Khasi Pine.

Ayurvedic: Sarala var.

Folk: Digsaa (Khasia).

Action: Spasmolytic, antimicrobial. Oleo-resin—considered superior to that of P. roxburghii for turpentine. The bark contains 7-10% of tannin.

The essential oil from oleoresin contains chiefly alpha-pinene. Other constituents are beta-pinene, longifoline and sesquiterpenes. Abetic acid from rosin possesses weak cardiac and spasmolytic activities.... pinus khasya

Putranjiva Roxburghii

Wall.

Synonym: Drypetes roxburghii (Wall.) Hurusawa.Family: Euphoriaceae.

Habitat: Throughout tropical India, wild and cultivated as an avenue tree.English: Child-life tree, Indian Amulet Plant, Spurious Wild Olive.Ayurvedic: Putranjiva, Putrajivaka, Putrajiva, Yashtipushpa, Arth- saadhanaSiddha/Tamil: Karupali Garbhadaa and Garbhakaraa are misleading synonyms.Folk: Jiyaapotaa.

Action: Fruit—powered (deseeded) fruits are used against cough, cold and sprue. Rosaries of hard stones are used for protecting children from infections. (Due to misleading nomenclature, the "conception-promoting" property has been attributed to the drug in folk medicine. Its use is possible in vaginal infections and genitourinary diseases, or skin eruptions during pre-conception stage.)The seed kernel on steam distillation yield 0.5% of a sharp-smelling essential oil of the mustard oil type. The oil contains isopropyl and 2-butyl isothio- cyanates as the main constituents and 2-methyl-butyl isothiocyanate as a minor component. The iso-thiocyanates are produced on enzymic hydrolysis of glycosidic progenitors present in the kernels, viz. glucoputranjivin, gluco- cochlearin and glucojiaputin respectively. An additional glucoside, gluco- cleomin has been identified in the seed kernel, it affords a non-volatile mustard oil, cleomin. A glycosidic pattern similar to that in the seed is reported in the shoots and roots.The fruit pulp contains a large proportion of mannitol and small quantities of saponin glucosides and alkaloids.The seed coat gave putranjivoside, putranoside A, B, C and D, beta- sitosterol and tis beta-D-glucoside.The leaves gave amentoflavone and its derivatives, beta-amyrin and its palmite, polyphenols, putranjiva sa- ponin A,B,C, and D and stigmasterol.The bark contains friedelin, friede- lanol, friedelanone, friedelan-3,7-di- one (putranjivadione), 3-alpha-hydro- xy friedelan- 7-one (roxburgholone), carboxylic acid, putric acid, putran- jivic acid.The essential oil from leaves showed mild antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani.

... putranjiva roxburghii

Vanda Roxburghii

R. Br.

Synonym: V. tessellata G. Don.

Family: Orchidaceae.

Habitat: From Uttar Pradesh to West Bengal, extending southwards to Kerala.

Ayurvedic: Raasnaa (used in Eastern India). Pluchea lanceolata is the accepted source of Raasnaa.

Throughout South India Alpinia galanga is used as Raasnaa.

Folk: Baandaa-Raasnaa.

Action: Roots—antipyretic, antiinflammatory, tranquilizer, tonic to liver, laxative. Used in rheumatism, lumbago, inflammations; diseases of the nervous system; diseases of the abdomen, dyspepsia; bronchitis, chest diseases. Roots form a constituent of medicated oils, used externally on rheumatic swellings and neurological affections. Root is also used in the treatment of fractures.

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of the root showed anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Ethanolic extract of the root also showed hepatoprotective activity in albino mice.

The root yielded tetracosyl feru- late and beta-sitosterol D-glucoside. Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of the root showed 54.3, 42.1 and 21.9% anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 0.5 g/kg in rats. Heptacosane, octacosanol and traces of their higher homologues, a bitter principle, saponin, beta-sitosterol and tannins were isolated from the plant.... vanda roxburghii

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