Narrowing of the pylorus (the lower outlet from the stomach), which obstructs the passage of food into the duodenum. Pyloric stenosis occurs in babies due to thickening of the pyloric muscle, and in adults due to scarring from a peptic ulcer or stomach cancer. Babies start projectile vomiting (profuse vomiting in which the stomach contents may be ejected several feet) 2–5 weeks after birth. Ultrasound scanning is needed to confirm the diagnosis. In adults, diagnosis may be made by a barium X-ray examination and gastroscopy.In infants, surgical treatment involves making an incision along the thickened muscle.
In adults, surgery is carried out to correct the underlying cause.
Narrowing of the PYLORUS, the muscular exit from the STOMACH. It is usually the result of a pyloric ulcer or cancer near the exit of the stomach. Food is delayed when passing from the stomach to the duodenum and vomiting occurs. The stomach may become distended and peristalsis (muscular movement) may be seen through the abdominal wall. Unless surgically treated the patient will steadily deteriorate, losing weight, becoming dehydrated and developing ALKALOSIS.
A related condition, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, occurs in babies (commonly boys) about 3–5 weeks old, and surgery produces a complete cure.
narrowing of the outlet of the stomach (*pylorus). This causes delay in the passage of stomach contents into the duodenum, leading to recurrent vomiting (sometimes of food eaten more than 24 hours earlier), abdominal distension, dehydration, and weight loss. Pyloric stenosis in adults is caused either by a *peptic ulcer adjacent to or within the pylorus or by a tumour invading the pylorus. Stenosis from peptic ulceration may be treated with antisecretory agents, endoscopic balloon dilatation of the pylorus, or by surgical removal or bypass (see gastroenterostomy). Surgery is usually required for cancerous obstruction; in unfit patients and those with metastatic disease a stent can be placed to relieve the obstruction. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis occurs in babies about 3–5 weeks old (particularly boys) in which the thickened pyloric muscle can be felt as a nodule. Treatment is by the surgical operation of *pyloromyotomy (Ramstedt’s operation).
Narrowing of the AORTIC VALVE in the HEART which obstructs the ?ow of blood through it, with serious effects on the heart and the circulation. The muscle in the left ventricle works harder to compensate for the obstruction and thickens as a result. Stenosis is usually caused by the deposition of calcium on the valve and is commonly associated with ATHEROMA. Untreated, the condition leads to heart failure, but nowadays the stenosis can be treated surgically.... aortic stenosis
A disorder of the HEART in which obstruction of the out?ow of blood from the right ventricle occurs. Narrowing of the pulmonary valve at the exit of the right ventricle and narrowing of the pulmonary artery may cause obstruction. The condition is usually congenital, although it may be caused by RHEUMATIC FEVER. In the congenital condition, pulmonary stenosis may occur with other heart defects and is then known as Fallot’s tetralogy. Breathlessness and enlargement of the heart and eventual heart failure may be the consequence of pulmonary stenosis. Surgery is usually necessary to remove the obstruction.... pulmonary stenosis
Narrowing of the opening between the left ATRIUM and left VENTRICLE of the HEART as a result of rigidity of, and adhesion between, the cusps of the MITRAL VALVE. It is due, almost invariably, to the infection RHEUMATIC FEVER. The atrium has to work harder to force blood through the narrowed channel. The effects are similar to those of MITRAL INCOMPETENCE. Shortness of breath and palpitations and irregular beating (?brillation) of the atrium are common consequences in adults. Drug treatment with DIGOXIN and DIURETICS helps, but surgery to dilate or replace the faulty valve may be necessary.... mitral stenosis
The normal working of the TRICUSPID VALVE in the HEART is impeded by a narrowing of the opening, often as a sequel of RHEUMATIC FEVER. As with TRICUSPID INCOMPETENCE, heart failure may result and treatment is similar, with surgery to repair or replace the faulty valve an option.... tricuspid stenosis
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