Restraint Health Dictionary

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Restraint: From 1 Different Sources

Any method used to restrict the movement of a resident or part of the resident ‘s body in order to protect the resident or others from injury.
Health Source: Community Health
Author: Health Dictionary

Inhibition

Inhibition means arrest or restraint of some process e?ected by nervous in?uence. The term is applied to the action of certain inhibitory nerves: for example, the vagus nerve which contains ?bres that inhibit or control the action of the heart. The term is also applied generally to the mental processes by which instinctive but undesirable actions are checked by a process of self-control.... inhibition

Centella Asiatica

(Linn.) Urban.

Hydro cotyle asiatica

Family: Umbelliferae; Apiaceae.

Habitat: In marshy places throughout India up to 200 m.

English: Asiatic Pennywort, Indian Pennywort.

Ayurvedic: Manduukaparni, Manduukaparnikaa, Maanduuki, Saraswati, Brahma-manduuki.

Siddha/Tamil: Vallaarai.

Action: Adaptogen, central nervous system relaxant, peripheral vasodilator, sedative, antibiotic, detoxifier, blood-purifier, laxative, diuretic, emmenagogue. Used as a brain tonic for improving memory and for overcoming mental confusion, stress, fatigue, also used for obstinate skin diseases and leprosy.

Key application: Extracts orally to treat stress-induced stomach and duodenal ulcers; topically to accelerate healing, particularly in cases of chronic postsurgical and post trauma wounds; also to treat second and third degree burns. Patients suffering from venous insufficiency were treated with a titrated extract of the drug. (WHO.)

Used in Indian medicine as a brain tonic and sedative. (Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia.)

Major constituents of the plant are: triterpenoid saponins—brahmoside, asiaticoside, thankuniside; alkaloids (hydrocotyline); bitter principles (vel- larin).

Brahmoside, present in the plant, is reported to exhibit tranquilizing and anabolic activity. Raw leaves are eaten or plant decoction is drunk to treat hypertension.

Asiaticoside, extracted from leaves, gave encouraging results in leprosy. It dissolves the waxy covering of Bacillus leprae. Centelloside has also been found useful in leprosy. Asiaticoside reduced the number tubercular lesions in the liver, lungs, nerve ganglia and spleen in experimental animals. Another derivative of asiaticoside, oxyasi- aticoside, inhibits growth of Tubercle bacillus at a concentration of 0.15 ml/ml Asiaticosides are also hyperglycaemic.

The asiatic acid acts against resistant bacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. leprae as well as Gram-positive cocci.

Asiaticosides elevate blood glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol levels. They seem to decrease blood urea nitrogen and acid phosphatase levels. (Pharmacological findings. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)

Boiled leaves are eaten for urinary tract infections, and unfiltered juice for scrofula and syphilis.

Extract of the fresh plant significantly inhibits gastric ulceration by cold restraint stress in rats.

In research, using rats, the herb exhibited protective effect against alcohol-induced and aspirin-induced ulcers. (JExp Biol, 2001, Feb, 39(2), 13742.)

Dosage: Whole plant—3-6 g (API Vol. IV.)... centella asiatica

Temperance

(English) Having self-restraint Temperence, Temperince, Temperancia, Temperanse, Temperense, Temperinse... temperance

Carcinogenesis

The development of a cancer caused by the action of carcinogens (cancer-causing factors) on normal cells.

Carcinogens are believed to alter the DNA in cells, particularly in oncogenes (genes that control the growth and division of cells).

An altered cell divides abnormally fast, passing on the genetic changes to all offspring cells.

A group of cells is established that is not affected by the body’s normal restraints on growth.... carcinogenesis

Hypomania

n. a mild degree of *mania. Elated mood leads to faulty judgment; behaviour lacks the usual social restraints and the sexual drive is increased; there is a reduced need for sleep; speech is rapid and pressured; the individual is energetic but not persistent and tends to be irritable or possibly aggressive. The abnormality is not as great as in mania (see elation; euphoria). Treatment follows the same principles as for mania, and it may be difficult to prevent an individual from damaging his or her own interests with extravagant behaviour; hospitalization would indicate that the severity of mania had been reached. —hypomanic adj.... hypomania

Incontinence

n. 1. (urinary incontinence) the inappropriate involuntary passage of urine, resulting in wetting. Stress incontinence is the loss of urine on exertion (e.g. coughing and straining). It is common in women in whom the muscles of the pelvic floor are weakened after childbirth. Urodynamic stress incontinence (formerly called genuine stress incontinence) in women is due to a simultaneous rise in bladder and abdominal pressure that exceeds urethral pressure without a contraction of the detrusor muscle of the bladder. Overflow incontinence is leakage from a full bladder, which occurs most commonly in elderly men with bladder outlet obstruction or in patients with neurological conditions affecting bladder control. Urge incontinence is leakage of urine that accompanies an intense desire to pass water with failure of restraint. It is frequently caused by *detrusor instability. See also enuresis. 2. (faecal incontinence, anal incontinence) inability to control bowel movements, causing involuntary loss of faeces or flatus.... incontinence

Oesophagitis

n. inflammation of the oesophagus (gullet). Frequent regurgitation of acid and peptic juices from the stomach causes reflux oesophagitis, the commonest form, which may be associated with a hiatus *hernia. The main symptoms are heartburn, acid regurgitation, *odynophagia, and sometimes difficulty in swallowing (*dysphagia). Complications include bleeding, *stricture formation, and *Barrett’s oesophagus. It is treated with antacids and by maintaining an upright position, using more pillows at night, eating the evening meal earlier in the day, weight loss, and dietary restraint. In severe cases *fundoplication surgery may be required. Corrosive oesophagitis is caused by the ingestion of caustic acid or alkali. It is often severe and may lead to perforation of the oesophagus and extensive stricture formation. Immediate treatment includes food avoidance and antibiotics; later, stricture dilatation is often needed. Infective oesophagitis is most commonly due to a fungus (Candida) infection in debilitated or immunocompromised patients, especially those being treated with antibiotics, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressant drugs, but is occasionally due to viruses (such as cytomegalovirus or herpesvirus). Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a poorly understood condition characterized by infiltration of the oesophageal lining by excess *eosinophils. Autoimmune disease and food allergy are two commonly proposed causes. Treatment is directed towards exclusion of allergens and oral or inhaled steroids.... oesophagitis

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