Salix fragilis Health Dictionary

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Salix Fragilis: From 1 Different Sources

Linn

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: Cultivated in Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.

English: Crack Willow, Kashmir Willow.

Folk: Tilachaang (Himachal Pradesh).

Action: Bark—antirheumatic.

Key application: For relief of low back pain; symptomatic relief of mild osteoarthritic and rheumatic complaints. (ESCOP.) The bark contains salicin 0.23%, salicase and tannin (6-12%).

The phenol glycosides reported from the plant include fragilin, glycosmin, grandidentatin, picein, populin, sali- cin, salireposide, salicyloyl tremuloi- din, triandrin and tremuloidin.

Willow bark consists of the dried bark or twigs of various species of the genus Salix, including S. purpurea L. and S. daphnoides Vill.

Salicylate concentrations vary greatly among Salix sp. Salix alba bark is reported to contain 0.49-0.98% salicin; Salix purpurea bark 3-9%, Salix daphnoides bark 4.9-5.6% and Salix fragilis bark 3.9-10.2%. (Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 2007.)
Health Source: Indian Medicinal Plants
Author: Health Dictionary

Dientamoeba Fragilis

An intestinal flagellate protozoan of humans. May be associated with a mild diarrhoea.... dientamoeba fragilis

Salix Acmophylla

Boiss.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: Sub-Himalayan tracts from Uttar Pradesh westwards ascending to an altitude of 1,800 m.

Ayurvedic: Jala-vetasa.

Action: Bark—febrifuge.... salix acmophylla

Salix Alba

Linn.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: North-western Himalayas, up to an altitude of 2,400 m.

English: White Willow, European Willow.

Ayurvedic: Jalavetasa.

Unani: Bed Saadaa.

Folk: Vivir (Kashmir).

Action: Analgesic, antiinflammatory, febrifuge. Used for rheumatic inflammation, painful muscles, spondylitis, lumbago, sciatica, neuralgia, gout and fever. (In 1838, chemists identified salicylic acid in the bark. Afterwards, synthesized it as acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, in 1899.)

Key application: In diseases accompanied by fever, headache, rheumatic ailments. (German Commission E.) The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia reported anti- inflammatory action. The British Herbal Compendium additionally reported analgesic, antipyretic, antirheumatic and astringent actions of the willow bark.

The bark contains phenolic glyco- sides; salicin, picein and triandrin with esters of salicylic acid and salicyl alcohol, acetylated salicin, salicortin and salireposide; tannins; catechin; p- coumaric acid; flavonoids and polysac- charides.

Salicylic acid inhibits prostaglandin production, relives pain and brings down fever.... salix alba

Salix Babylonica

Linn.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: North India, along the banks of rivers nad water-courses.

English: Weeping Willow.

Siddha/Tamil: Aatru Paalai.

Folk: Giur (Kashmir). Bed.

Action: Leaves and bark— astringent, antipyretic. Used in intermittent and remittent fevers. Bark—anthelmintic. Biological activity of aerial part—antiviral, CNS active, hypothermic.

The leaves are reported to contain delphinidin and cyanidin, fragilin, salicin, salicortin, salidroside, tremu- loidin, triandrin and vimalin. Salicin content in the stems and leaves is reported to be 3 to 4%. The bark yields phenolics—triandrin, salicin, gallocat- echol, catechol.... salix babylonica

Salix Caprea

Linn.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

English: Sallow, Goat Willow, Common Willow.

Ayurvedic: Vetasa, Vaanira, Vidula, Vanjula, Vaanjulaa. In Kerala Homonoia riparia Lour., Euphorbiaceae, is used as Vetasa or Jalavetasa.

Unani: Bed Mushk.

Action: Distilled water from flowers—cordial, stimulant; externally applied to headache. Stem and leaves—astringent. Leaves—decoction used as febrifuge. Bark and twigs—astringent, applied to piles. Ash of wood—used in haemoptysis; mixed with vinegar, applied to piles.

Alkaloids, glycosides and saponins of male racemes increase the amplitude and slow the heartbeat and act more rapidly than digitalis on isolated frog heart.

Flavonoids present in the male racemes are: diometin, isorhamnetin, cap- reoside and salicapreoside.

Phenol glycosides present in the bark are: delphinidin, cyanidin, pipe- colic acid, fragilin, picein, salicin, sal- icortin, salireproside, triandrin and vimalin. Tannin content is reported to be 8-13%.

Salix daphnoides Vill. and Salix ele- gans Wall. (The Himalayas from Kash mir to Nepal) are also known as Jalave- tasa.

Dosage: Leaf, bark, root—50- 100 ml decoction. (CCRAS.)... salix caprea

Salix Viminalis

Linn. (The Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim) is known as Basket Willow and the Osier.

The bark contains 8.2%-8.8% tannin and phenol glycosides, fragilin, picein, salicin (0.13%), salicortin, salireposide, triandrin and vimalin. Salicase, and calcium and potassium nitrates are also reported from the bark.

Dosage: Bark—59-100 ml decoction. (CCRAS.)... salix viminalis

Salix Nigra

Marsh.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: Native to America (New York and Pennsylvania).

English: Black Willow.

Unani: Bed-Siyaah.

Action: Astringent, febrifuge, sedative, nervine tonic. Anaphrodisiac (used for reducing sexual activity; in spermatorrhoea). Largely used in the treatment of nocturnal emissions.

The bark contains tannin, about 1% of glucoside salinigrin. Once considered a substitute for potassium bromide, but without a depressant effect.... salix nigra

Salix Tetrasperma

Roxb.

Family: Salicaceae.

Habitat: Throughout the greater part of India, along the banks of rivers and streams.

English: Indian Willow.

Ayurvedic: Jalavetasa, Naadeya, Niketan, Baishi.

Siddha/Tamil: Attupalai.

Folk: Vaanira, Vaalunja.

Action: Dried leaves—antiinflammatory, given in rheumatism, swellings, piles. Bark—febrifuge.

The bark is reported to contain 6.5% tannin, also salicin A.... salix tetrasperma

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