FAMILY: Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
SYNONYMS: Satureia hortensis, Calamintha hortensis, garden savory.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: An annual herb up to 45 cms high with slender, erect, slightly hairy stems, linear leaves and small, pale lilac flowers.
DISTRIBUTION: Native to Europe, naturalized in North America. Extensively cultivated, especially in Spain, France, Yugoslavia and the USA for its essential oil.
OTHER SPECIES: Closely related to the thyme family, with which it shares many characteristics. There are several different types ‘of savory’ which include S. thymbra, found in Spain, which contains mainly thymol, and the winter savory (S. montana) – see separate entry.
HERBAL/FOLK TRADITION: A popular culinary herb, with a peppery flavour. It has been used therapeutically mainly as a tea for various ailments including digestive complaints (cramp, nausea, indigestion, intestinal parasites), menstrual disorders and respiratory conditions (asthma, catarrh, sore throat). Applied externally, the fresh leaves bring instant relief from insect bites, bee and wasp stings.
‘This kind is both hotter and drier than the winter kind ... it expels tough phlegm from the chest and lungs, quickens the dull spirits in the lethargy.’.
ACTIONS: Anticatarrhal, antiputrescent, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bactericidal, carminative, cicatrisant, emmenagogue, expectorant, fungicidal, stimulant, vermifuge.
EXTRACTION: Essential oil by steam distillation from the whole dried herb. (An oleoresin is also produced by solvent extraction.)
CHARACTERISTICS: A colourless or pale yellow oil with a fresh, herbaceous, spicy odour. It blends well with lavender, lavandin, pine needle, oakmoss, rosemary and citrus oils.
PRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTS: Carvacrol, pinene, cymene, camphene, limonene, phellandrene and borneol, among others.
SAFETY DATA: Dermal toxin, dermal irritant, mucous membrane irritant. Avoid during pregnancy.
AROMATHERAPY/HOME: USE None. ‘Should not be used on the skin at all.’.
OTHER USES: Occasionally used in perfumery work for its fresh herbaceous notes. The oil and oleoresin are used in most major food categories, especially meat products and canned food.