(Indian) Having a lovely fragrance Surbhii, Surabhie, Surabhy, Surabhey, Surabhee, Surabhea
Habitat: Cultivated in Gujarat; wild in parts of West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.
English: Mango-ginger, Wild Turmeric.Ayurvedic: Aamra Haridraa, Aam- ragandhi Haridraa, Surabhidaaru, Karpuraa.Unani: Aambaa Haldi, Daarchob.Siddha/Tamil: Mangaiinji.Action: Carminative, stomachic, appetizer, expectorant, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory. Specific in rheumatism and inflammation of liver; rheumatism; in contusions and sprains.
Presence of curcumin and a phytos- terol is reported in the rhizome. The essential oil exhibited antimicrobial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity against tape worms.Significant decrease was observed in liver total lipids and serum triglycerides of adult female rat when fed 10% Mango-ginger or 10% curcumin along with normal diet or a surcose- based hypertriglyceridaemic diet.Dosage: Rhizome—3-5 g powder; 10-20 ml juice. (CCRAS.)... curcuma amadaHabitat: Indigenous to South India; cultivated throughout the plains of India up to 500 m in the western Himalaya.
English: Wood Apple.Ayurvedic: Kapittha, Dadhittha, Dadhiphala, Surabhichhada, Dantshatha, Kapipriya.Unani: Kuvet.Siddha/Tamil: Vilamaram, Vilangai, Narivila.Folk: Kaith.Action: Fruit—antiscorbutic, carminative, stimulates the digestive system bark. Pulp is included in a paste to tone the breast. Leaves— astringent; used for indigestion, flatulence, diarrhoea, dysentery and haemorrhoids.
Unripe fruit—prescribed in sprue, malabsorption syndrome. (The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India.)The leaves and stem bark contain the coumarins, luvangetin, xanthotoxin and limonin and the steroids, sitosterol and sitosterol-O-beta-D-glucoside.Antifungal compounds, psoralene from stem bark; xanthotoxin and os- thenol from root bark and 2,6-dimeth- oxybenzo-quinone from the fruit shell are reported. Roots contain xanthotoxin and bergapten, used for the treatment of leucoderma, characterized by vitiligo.Dosage: Dried pulp of mature fruit—1-3 g powder. (API Vol. II.)... feronia limoniaHabitat: Cultivated in Tamil Nadu; Maharashtra and North India.
English: Curry-Leaf tree.Ayurvedic: Surabhini-nimba.Unani: Karipattaa.Siddha/Tamil: Karuveppilei, Karivempu, Kattuveppilei.Folk: Mithaa Neem, Kathneem, Gandhela, Barsanga.Action: Leaf—stomachic, antiprotozoal, spasmolytic; promotes appetite and digestion, destroys pathogenic organism, antidysen- teric. Externally, used against skin eruptions.
All parts of the plant, especially the leaves, are rich in carbazole alkaloids (several carbazole bases have been isolated). The leaves also gave a coumarin glucoside, scopolin.The beta-carotene content of curry leaves was found decreased on cooking; deep frying resulted in maximum loss.Inclusion of curry leaves in the diet of diabetic patients reduced the blood glucose level appreciably (it did not produce any insulin response).The steam distillate of the leaves is reported to exhibit antifungal and in- secticidal activities.The ethanolic extract of the stem bark showed anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats.... murraya koenigiiHabitat: The Western and Eastern Himalayas.
English: Long-leaved Pine, Three- leaved Pine, Chir Pine.Ayurvedic: Sarala, Pita-vriksha, Surabhidaaruka, Dhuupavriksha, Namasu. Oleo-resin—Shriveshtaka, Ghandh-Birojaa.Unani: Sanobar-ul-Hindi. Oleoresin—Gandh-Bihrojaa, Qinn, Berzad.Siddha/Tamil: Simaidevadaru.Action: Needle, needle oil— decongestant, expectorant, antiseptic. Oil—used in cough and cold remedies, particularly inhalations and in rubefacients for rheumatism and muscle stiffness. Resin— expectorant, antiseptic, antipruritic.
The essential oil from oleoresin contains chiefly alpha-and beta-pinene; carene and longifoline.Pinus pinaster Ait (Cluster Pine, Maritime Pine) has been successfully grown in Kulu, Manali and Rahini. German Commission E recognized the efficacy of the needle-oil in catarrhal diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract (internally, as well as externally).Dosage: Heartwood, root—1-3 g powder. (API, Vol. III.)... pinus roxburghiiHabitat: The Himalayas from Kashmir to Nepal at altitudes of 1,800-4,200 m.
Ayurvedic: Muraa, Surabhi, Daitya, Gandhakuti, Gandhavati. (Substitute for Nardostachys jatamansi.)Siddha/Tamil: Mural.Folk: Bhuutakeshi (Kashmir), Muur (Garhwal).Action: Roots—sedative, analgesic.
Isoimperatorin and oxypeucedanin have been isolated as major inotropic constituents from the rhizomes.The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia ofIn- dia recommends the root in syncope, giddiness, also for asthma.Dosage: Root—1-3 g powder. (API, Vol. II.)... selinum tenuifoliumHabitat: Cultivated throughout India up to 1,800 m.
English: Java Plum, Jambolan, Black Plum.Ayurvedic: Jambu, Mahaaphalaa, Phalendraa, Surabhipatra. (Fruit— black.)Unani: JaamunSiddha/Tamil: Naaval.Action: Fruit—stomachic, carminative, diuretic. Bark and seed— antidiarrhoeal. Seed—hypo- glycaemic. Leaf—antibacterial, antidysenteric.
Key application: Bark—in nonspecific acute diarrhoea and in topical therapy for mild inflammation of the oral-pharyngeal mucosa; externally in mild, superficial inflammation of the skin. (German Commission E.) The seed has been included among unapproved herbs by German Commission E, as the blood sugar-lowering effect could not be established by several researchers. Claimed applications mentioned in German Commission E monograph: in diabetes, also in combination preparations for atonic and spastic constipation, diseases of the pancreas, gastric and pancreatic complaints.The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends the bark in acute diarrhoea and haemorrhagic diseases; the seed in hyperglycaemia and polyuria.The aqueous alcoholic extract of the bark contains bergenin, gallic acid and ethyl gallate.The fruit contains anthocyanins and yielded citric, malic and gallic acids. Gallic acid and tannins account for as- tringency of the fruit. Malic acid is the major acid (0.59%) of the weight of fruit; a small quantity of oxalic acid is reported to be present. Glucose and fructose are principal sugars in the ripe fruit; surcose was not detected.The seeds contain tannin (about 19%), ellagic acid, gallic acid (1-2%), beta-sitosterol, 0.05% essential oil; myricyl alcohol is present in the un- saponifiable matter.The stem bark yielded friedelan-3- alpha-ol, kaempferol, quercetin, beta- sitosterol and its glycoside, kaempferol- 3-O-glucoside, gallic acid, friedelin and betulinic acid. It contained eugenin and epi-friedelanol. 10-12% tannins were reported.The leaves contain aliphatic alcohols, sitosterols, betulinic acid and crategolic (maslinic) acid.The flowers contain triterpenic acids—oleanolic acid and crategolic acid. The oleanolic acid is a strong protector against adriamycin-induced lipid peroxidation in liver and heart microsomes.Phenols, including methylxantho- xylin and 2, 6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy- acetophene have been isolated from the plant (also from the seed).Seeds in a dose of 10 mg/kg p.o. on normal and alloxanized rabbits exhibited hypoglycaemic activity up to 23 and 20% respectively. The chloroform fraction of seed extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory action against both exudative and prolifer- ative and chronic phases of inflammation, besides exhibiting significant anti-arthritic, antipyretic and analgesic activities. Water extract exhibited antibacterial property against S. boydi and S. dysentrae in cases of dysentery and diarrhoea.The bark extract is reported to have an effect on glycogenolysis and glyco- gen storage in animals.Dosage: Stem bark—10-20 g for decoction; dried seed—3-6 g powder. (API, Vol. II.)... syzygium cuminii
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