Habitat: Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka.
English: Indian Bdellium, Gum Guggul.Ayurvedic: Guggul, Devadhoop, Kaushika, Pur, Mahishaaksha, Palankash, Kumbha, Uluukhala.Unani: Muqallal yahood, Muql, Bu-e-JahudaanSiddha/Tamil: Erumaikan Kungiliyam.Action: Oleo-gum-resin—used for reducing obesity and in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sciatica.
Key application: In the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypercholestero- laemia and obesity. (WHO.)Guggulipid is hypocholesteremic. Guggul resin contains steroids—gug- glsterones Z and E, guggulsterols IV, diterpenoids; volatile oil, including other constituents, contains a terpene hydrocarbon cembrene A. E- and Z- guggulsterones are characteristic constituents, which distinguish C. mukul from other Commiphore sp.Guggul resin increases catechola- mine biosynthesis and activity in cholesterol-fed rabbits, inhibits platelet aggregation, exhibits anti-inflammatory activity and appears to activate the thyroid gland in rats and chicken. Z- guggulsterone may increase uptake of iodine by thyroid gland and increase oxygen uptake in liver and bicep tissues. (Planta Med 1984,1, 78-80.)The gum is also used in hemiplegia and atherosclerotic disorders; as a gargle in pyrrhoea aveolaris, chronic tonsilitis and pharyngitis. Fumes are recommended in hay fever, chronic bronchitis and nasal catarrh.Oleo-gum resin of Balsamodendron caudatum is also equated with Guggul in Siddha medicine.Dosage: Oleo-gum-resin—2-4 g (API Vol. I.) 500 mg to 1 g (CCRAS.)... balsamodendron mukulHabitat: Found in sub-Himalayan tract from Kumaon to Bhutan.
Ayurvedic: Madhuuka (related species).Synonym: M. longifolia (Koen.) Macb. var. latifolia (Roxb.) Cheval. Bassia latifolia Roxb.Family: Sapotaceae.Habitat: A large tree, cultivated mainly in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar.
English: Mahua tree, Moha.Ayurvedic: Madhuuka, Madhu- pushpa, Madhusrav, Gudapushpa.Unani: Mahuaa.Siddha/Tamil: Ieluppai.Action: Flowers—stimulant, demulcent, laxative, anthelmintic, bechic. Seed oil—galactogenic, anticephalgic, emetic. Used in pneumonia, skin diseases, piles. Bark—astringent, emollient. Used for tonsilitis, gum troubles, diabetes, ulcers. Bark, seed oil and gum— antirheumatic.
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends the flower without stalk or calyx in asthma and pthisis.The fruit pulp yielded a number of triterpenoids (including alpha- and beta-amyrin acetate); also n-hexaco- sanol, beta-D-glucoside of beta-sitos- terol and free sitosterol.Nut shell gave beta-sitosterol gluco- side, quercetin and dihydroquercetin.The carollas are rich source of sugars, vitamins, phosphorus, calcium and iron; magnesium and copper are also present. The sugars identified are sucrose, maltose, glucose, fructose, ara- binose and rhamnose.The seeds yielded saponins—2,3- di-O-glucopyranoside of bassic acid (saponin A and saponin B). Mixture of saponins from seeds exhibits spermi- cidal activity.Trunkbarkcontainedlupeol acetate, beta-amyrin acetate, alpha-spinasterol, erythrodiol monocaprylate, betulinic acid and oleanolic acid caprylates.Dosage: Flower—10-15 g (API, Vol. II.); flower-juice—10-20 ml; bark— 50-100 ml decoction. (CCRAS.)... madhuca indicaHabitat: Konkan, and the South Andamans.
Folk: Danshir, Daushir, Lokhandi, Yesti, Zerwati (Maharashtra).Action: Root—used for the treatment of respiratory affections, common cold and influenza.
The roots contain about twice the amount of pristimerin as in R. indica and show similar antibiotic properties. Pristimerin is found active against Streptococcus viridans, causative organism for sore throat and tonsilitis, and S. pyogenes.... reissantia grahamiiHabitat: Cultivated chiefly in Aligarh, Ghazipur and Kannauj, grown in gardens throughout India.
English: Damask Rose.Ayurvedic: Taruni. (Flowers—red, pink or white.)Unani: Gul-e-Surkh, Vard, Vard- e-Ahmar. Stamens—Zard-e-Vard. Fruit—Dalik, Samar-ul-Vard, Smar-e-Gul.Siddha/Tamil: Irosa.Folk: Fasali Gulaab.Action: Flower buds—astringent, expectorant, laxative; used as a cardiac tonic and aperient. Stamens and fruits—astringent. Petals—Gulkand (a confection in sugar)—laxative, anti-inflammatory (used in sore throat and tonsilitis. Rose water—cooling, refrigerant, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory (used as a remedy for skin irritation, also for sore eyes).
All parts of the rose plant yielded quercetin, kaempferol and cyanidin. Lycopene, rubixanthin, zeaxanthin, xanthophyll and taraxanthin have been isolated from the hips. The flowers contain an essential oil with citronel- lol, nerol, geraniol, beta-phenylethanol and its glucoside, eugenol and methyl eugenol; other constituents include organic acids, chlorogenic acid, tannin, cyanin, cyanidin and its 3,5-di- glucoside, quercitrin, carotene and sugars. Pollen from flowers contain carotene (0.76 mg/100 g), sugars (1.0%) and chlorogenic acid (1.5%). Their proline content is found unusually high.The red colouring matter consists of cyanin (9-10% on dry weight basis); a yellow glucoside of quercetin and quercitrin is also present. Flowers, usually, yield 0.04% oil or otto of rose.Dog Rose, extensively cultivated in Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia, is equated with Rosa canina Lin. The rose hip contains vitamin C (0.22.0%), malic and citric acid, pectins (15%), invert sugar (12-15%), tannins (2%), carotenoids, flavonoids.Preparations of Rose hips are used for the prevention and treatment of colds and influenza-type infections, for the treatment vitamin C deficiencies; and for increasing resistance.... rosa damascenaDried or fresh leaves and flowers.
Constituents: phenolic glycosides, saponins, rutin.
Action: anticatarrhal, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic to mucous membranes, diuretic, diaphoretic.
Uses: Weak stomach, nausea, vomiting, hiccups, persistent catarrh of nose and throat. Thrush and sore throat (gargle). Irritable bowel in children. Bronchitis, with purulent phlegm. Blood in the urine. Tonsilitis, with pus. Reduces mass in kidney stone and gravel (anecdotal). Prostatis. Kidney and bladder conditions where urine is dark, scanty and reddish brown.
Dr Gallavardin cured her husband of kidney trouble after he was compelled to use a catheter for over a year, by giving him tea made from the dried leaves and flowers, morning and evening.
Preparations: Standard dose: half-2 grams. Thrice daily.
Tea. Half-1 teaspoon to each cup boiling water; infuse 15 minutes. Dose: 1 cup.
Liquid Extract. Dose, half-2ml.
Tincture BHP (1983) 1:5 in 45 per cent alcohol. Dose: 0.5 to 1ml. Compress (cold), for wounds and ulcers. ... goldenrod