Viola sylvestris Health Dictionary

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Viola Sylvestris: From 1 Different Sources

Lam. (in part)

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: Kashmir at 1,200-2,400 m.

English: Pale Wood Violet, Wood Violet.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species).

Action: Plant—pectoral, bechic; used in chest troubles. Stem, leaf and flower—applied to foul sores and wounds.

Habitat: Native to Europe; grown as an ornamental.

English: Heartsease, Wild Pansy.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species).

Action: Herb—anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, expectorant, diuretic, antirheumatic, alterative. Used for bronchitis, rheumatism, chronic skin disorders and for preventing capillary haemorrhage when under corticosteroid therapy. Root— antidysenteric; used as a substitute for Cephaelis ipecacuanha.

Key application: Externally in mild seborrheic skin diseases and milk scall in children. (German Commission E.) The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recognizes the herb as an expectorant and dermatological agent.

The herb contains rutin, violin and salicylic acid. The flower contains rutin, quercetin, violanthin (6,8-digly- coside of apigenin), violaxanthin, p- hydroxycinnamic acid and delphini- din. A flavone C-glycoside-saponarin has also been obtained from flowers. Flowers, in addition, contain 15-cis- violaxanthin.

The herb exhibits anticoagulant property and diminishes the aggregation of platelets. It can be used as a preventive measure against thrombosis.

Habitat: Temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Nepal between 1,200 and 2,700 m (a semiparasitic plant).

English: European Mistletoe.

Ayurvedic: Bandaaka, Suvarna- bandaaka. Vrikshaadani (substitute).

Unani: Kishmish Kaabuli.

Action: Vasodilator, cardiac depressant, tranquiliser, stimulates the vagus nerve which slows the pulse, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, immune enhancer, antineoplas- tic. Used for hypertension and tachycardia, as a nervine tonic.

The extract of leafy twigs is anti- inflammatory exerting an action upon capillary permeability and oedema. It stimulates granulation and the neoformation of connective tissue.

Key application: For treating degenerative inflammation of the joints by stimulating cuti- visceral reflexes following local inflammation brought about by intradermal injections; as palliative therapy for malignant tumour through non-specific stimulation. (German Commission E.)

Mistletoe contains glycoproteins; flavonoids, usually quercetin-derived (dependent on host tree to some extent); polypeptides; phenylcarboxylic acids; polysaccharides (including viscid acid); alkaloids; lignans.

Cardiotonic activity is due to the lig- nans. The polysaccharides stimulate the immune response. Antineoplas- tic activity is claimed to be responsible for prolongation of survival time in cancer patients. Polypeptides (visco- toxins) inhibit tumours and stimulate immune resistance. (For uses of lectin from Mistletoe in cancer, see Eur J cancer, 2001, Jan, 37(1), 23-31; Eur J Cancer 2001, 37 (15), 19101920.) (For application in hepatitis, see Fitoterapia, 70, 2001.)
Health Source: Indian Medicinal Plants
Author: Health Dictionary

Malva Sylvestris

Linn.

Family: Malvaceae.

Habitat: Temperate Himalayas from Punjab to Kumaon, up to 2,400 m; Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

English: Common Mallow, Blue Mallow, High Mallow.

Ayurvedic: Suvarchalaa (var.).

Unani: Khubbaazi, Bhubhaazi Bustaani, Gul-Khair.

Action: Mucilaginous, emollient, laxative, antitussive, pectoral, antibacterial. Infusion is used for coughs and colds, irritation of the bronchi. Phagocyte stimulant.

Key application: In irritation of the mucosa and throat and dry, irritative cough. (German Commission E.)

The herb contains sulphated flavo- nol glycosides, mucilage and tannins.

Flowers contain malvin (an antho- cyanin), malvidin diglucoside, tannins, carotene and ascorbic acid.

Malva coromandeliana Linn. (also malvastrum) is anti-inflammatory, pectoral, antidysenteric and diaphoretic.... malva sylvestris

Phoenix Sylvestris

Roxb.

Family: Palmae; Arecaceae.

Habitat: Andhra Pradesh, Karnata- ka and Madhya Pradesh.

English: Wild Date Palm.

Ayurvedic: Kharjuuri.

Siddha/Tamil: Periyaitcham, Icham.

Folk: Sulemaani Khajuur, Desi Khajuur.

Action: Fruits—restorative. Juice— cooling, gastric stimulant. Seeds— used in ague. Root—used for nervous debility.

Fresh, unfermented sap (Niraa) is a good source of ascorbic acid, nicotinic and isonicotinic acids, riboflavin, thiamine, sugars; crystine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, thre- onine, tyrosine.

The concentration of amino acids is much higher in palm jaggery than in sugar cane jaggery.

Fresh fruits contain protein 1.2, fat 0.4, calcium 0.022 and phosphorus 0.38%.

Dosage: Fruit—10-20 g paste. (CCRAS.)... phoenix sylvestris

Viola

(Italian) A stringed instrument; a form of Violet, meaning “resembling the purplish-blue flower” Violah, Viole, Vyola, Violanie, Violani, Violaney, Violany, Violaine, Violaina, Violanta, Violante, Violeine, Vyoila, Vyolani, Vyolanie, Vyolania, Vyolanya, Violanth, Violanthe, Violantha... viola

Viola Biflora

Linn.

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: The temperate Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim at altitudes of 1,800-3,000 m.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species).

Action: Leaves—laxative, emollient. Flowers—antiseptic, pectoral, diaphoretic. Root—emetic.

The herb is used as a substitute for Banafashaa obtained from V. odorata.

The leaves are used for treating skin eruptions and the flowers for skin irritation.... viola biflora

Viola Cinerea

Boiss. var. stocksii (Boiss.) W. Beck.

Synonym: V. stocksii Boiss.

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: Punjab, Western Rajasthan, Gujarat.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species).

Folk: Jinkobanafashaa (Gujarat).

Action: Root—emetic. Used as a substitute and adulterant of ipecac. The herb is sold in the market as

Action: Expectorant, anti- inflammatory, diaphoretic, antipyretic, diuretic. Used for catarrhal and pulmonary affections, also for diseases of liver and intestines.

Included among unapproved herbs by German Commission E, but it has been mentioned that the traditional use of sweet violet root as an expectorant for the respiratory tract is well documented.

The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recognizes expectorant activity of the leaf.

The flowers (var. maxima) are a source of rutoside. The flowers also contain anthocyanin, violanin chloride, which on hydrolysis yields glucose, delphinidin, rhamnose and p- coumaric acid. High content of tocopherol is also reported from flowers.

Dried flowers contain anthocyanin 4.0, total flavonoids 1.1, rutoside 0.4, mucilage 18, and ash 8.5%.

The leaves contain friedelin and beta-sitosterol.

The essential oil from the entire plant consists of methyl salicylate. A di- C-glycoside, violanthin, has been reported from the plant.... viola cinerea

Viola Odorata

Linn.

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: Native to Europe; cultivated in Kashmir.

English: Sweet Violet.

Unani: Banafashaa, Banafsaj, Kakosh, Fareer.... viola odorata

Viola Patrinii

Ging.

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: The Himalayas, Eastern and Western Ghats.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species).

Action: Dried flowers—used for coughs and colds. Herb— bruised and applied to ulcers; also prescribed in syphilis and scrofula. (In Chinese medicine, recommended against cancerous growths.)... viola patrinii

Viola Pilosa

Blume.

Family: Violaceae.

Habitat: Kashmir to Sikkim and Nilgiri hills at 1,500-2,100 m.

Unani: Banafashaa (related species)

Folk: Thungtu (Kumaon).

Action: Uses same as those of V odorata. A medicinal oil of Unani medicine, Roghan-e-Banafashaa, is prepared from the plant. Flowers, as tea, are used for treating headache.

Active principle of the herb is an alkaloid, violine.... viola pilosa

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